Counseling (Exisential Therapy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Counseling (Exisential Therapy) - Essay Example In the spiritual approach, a transcendent answer to the four themes is believed to exist. In the atheistic approach, it is believed that there is no answer to the four major questions. One thing that is for certain for a human being is death. There is no denying it. But one cannot move forward in life if the person if afraid of death. The awareness of a person's life being limited by death can cause anxiety. But ignoring the presence of death in a person's lives will not help either. One will have to use the knowledge of the limitation of life to the best advantage for succeeding in life. Dr. Hoffman states that a person who finds the balance between the awareness of death and finding strength not to get overcome by it will have better chance of leading a fulfilling life (Existential Therapy, http://www.existential-therapy.com/General_Overview.htm). Freedom and Responsibility always come together. When people try to enjoy their freedom while ignoring their responsibilities, chances are that psychological consequences like depression, anger and anxiety starts to occur. Every person is free to choose their path in life, but at the same time he or she should take full responsibility of the outcome. One should never blame another human being for anything that happens in life. This also means that one should never let any belief or organization take charge of their lives. Also one should have the awareness that he or she is not powerless in any situation, either natural calamities, or diseases, or oppression, that he or she is responsible for themselves and the predicament there are currently in. Isolation Throughout one's life, a person is involved in different relations with all the people around him. In doing that the person might try to have a hold in the other person's life. But one needs to realize that human beings are essentially alone in this world. One needs to find validation from within, not from others. This awareness will make one live life more to the fullest than live thoughtlessly (Existential Therapy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_therapy). Meaninglessness The human life can be described as a journey to find the meaning of life or a journey to create a meaning for life. When one thinks about the human life in terms of the isolation it faces, it might appear meaningless to stay alive. It is now that the urgency of creating one's own values and find or create own meanings for life becomes apparent. This will give the person a feeling of significance and will make the person strong enough to uphold the newly found meaning through life. The Therapy Existential Therapy when applied to real life situation can be viewed from four different angle, they are; the view of man, the goals of therapy, the role of the therapist and the role of the client. The view of man Man being a social animal longs to connect with others and might try to find

Technological Forces of cars industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technological Forces of cars industry - Essay Example In addition, new materials that make the car lighter will enable the manufacturers to increase fuel efficiency whether they are powered by gasoline, electricity, or flex fuels. Technological forces will result in cars that go farther for less cost. Electricity is the fuel of choice for many people that see it as sustainable and environmentally friendly. It can be produced from solar or wind and can utilize hydrogen through the use of fuel cells. However, the battery has been the weak component in the system. They are traditionally heavy, dirty, have a limited storage capacity, and a short lifespan. Lithium Ion batteries do offer some promise as improvements have been made in recent years. Don Hillebrand, director of the Center for Transportation Research at Argonne National Laboratory "believes that the ultimate medium for electric vehicles' batteries may well be lithium ion, the same material used today in batteries for laptop computers" (Orzech, 2007). Lithium Ion is poised to replace the existing battery technologies of lead-acid and nickel-metal-hydride, and the new high-end electric roadster Tesla is powered by 6800 lithium batteries. As the industry bridges the gap to the totally electric automobile and a move away from gasoline, the interim period may be fuelled by natural gas. Natural gas is a technology that has been largely overlooked due to a few disadvantages.

Presented in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Presented in Romeo and Juliet Essay During the Play of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare portrays a very strong relationship between Juliet and her father, Lord Capulet. His initial attitude shows him as a caring, protective father who wants what is best for his daughter. This caring manner continues until Scene 5 of Act 3, in which Juliet defies her father, who wishes for her to marry the County Paris. This scene acts as a turning point in the play; Lord Capulet is now shown as a malevolent father who has his own intentions for his daughters future. However, when Juliet returns apologetically to her father, and agrees to marry Paris, he once again returns to being the loving and caring father we initially identified. Lord Capulets initial attitude to his daughter was generally kind and compassionate. He calls her his hopeful lady of my earth which implies that he expects her to do well for herself. We see him as a typical father late in the 16th Century. It was commonplace for fathers to be in charge of who their daughter married, and Lord Capulet decided that Paris, a handsome, wealthy kinsman to the prince, would be able to provide for his daughters future.  Lord Capulet is very protective over Juliet, he does not think she is ripe to be a bride because she is yet a stranger to the world and hath not seen the change of fourteen years. This prominently reminds us of both Lord Capulets protectiveness, and the ongoing theme of youth and age throughout the play. The point at which Lord Capulet ceases from acting behind the caring faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade come in Scene 5 of Act 3 in the play. Juliet refuses to marry Paris when her mother tells her that they have arranged her marriage. Juliet, who is secretly already married to Romeo, cannot go ahead with the marriage to Paris, and she tells her mother that she is not ready to be married so soon after Tybalts death. Although upset, her mother does not overreact to this situation, and it is only when her father enters that the situation becomes overwhelming. He shouts at her, is unpleasant towards her, and threatens to disown her if she does not do as he says. Lady Capulet is then drawn into more of a quarrelsome situation with her daughter, her line Fie, fie! what, are you mad? could be interpreted either as directed towards her husband or Juliet. It would seem that it was towards her husband as later in the scene she says to Lord Capulet You are too hot, which indicates that he is becoming too aggressive and malicious to his own daughter. This would suggest that Lord Capulet has a very influential personality, and he is able to get other people to do what he wants them to because of his authority, and their fear of what he will say if they, like Juliet did, refuse to co-operate.  Lord Capulets view of a daughter is that they are almost like property, who should be married to a handsome and wealthy gentleman when they are old enough to take on this responsibility. It was usual for this to happen, and so was not treated with the same scepticism as today. In one of Paris meetings with Lord Capulet he tells him that younger than she are happy mothers made. This implies that girls who are younger than Juliet are not only already married, but mothers as well. Even when her own mother asks her about marriage, she says it is an honour I dream not of, suggesting she does not feel ready for marriage, even when her mother reminds us that younger than you are already made mothers. Generally, Lord Capulet does care for his daughter, but does not respect her wishes and opinions as we would expect in todays modern society. Capulets anger at Juliets defiance was the first point when we saw another side to him. He returns to being the gentle father only when Juliet comes to apologise to him. She tells him she has been at confession and has come to accept the offer of marriage from Paris. Her father then becomes the agreeable jovial character we first knew. His angry personality is only evident if things are not going in according with his plans, or Juliet is disobedient to him; he is almost like a spoilt child who does not like it when he does not get what he wants. When Juliet appears to be dead in Scene 5 of Act 4, Capulet seems to be devastated. He states that death lies on her like an untimely frost which to all the other people on stage is accepted as a genuine comment from a grieving father. Alternatively, this could have been interpreted as another selfish comment; the use of the word untimely emphasising the inconvenience of it to his plans. Capulet is once again being slightly selfish, he feels as though he has lost a daughter, rather than his daughter has lost her life, and he is worrying about how it will affect him instead of grieving for her. At the end of the play when Friar Lawrence Tells everyone the truth about the events through the play, I think Lord Capulet realises how narrow-minded he has been. He recognises that he has not treated his daughter with the respect she needed, and is aware that she had to marry Romeo secretly because he would never have agreed to it.  It is this recognition of the error of his ways that leaves the audience feeling that Lord Capulet is a good father. He acts upon what he has learnt straight away by calling Lord Montague his brother, and asking him to give me thy hand to help them reach a better understanding. Behind Lord Capulets capricious faade, we see a father who cares for his daughter, but does not always know how to show it. His unpredictable nature was due to this, and it is not until the end of the play when the true Lord Capulet is revealed. He shows remorse towards the death of his daughter and Romeo also, and looks towards the Montagues to help each other in grieving for their children by settling the dispute between the families.  Overall, Capulet is a good father to Juliet, but his influential position makes him feel under constant pressure to do what is right; both for his daughter and his image to the rest of the Capulets.

Modern football

Modern football Introduction to globalisation The aim of this paper is the processes what has led football to globalisation and discuss how these processes manifest in the modern football. That essey will introduce reader to globalisation in general, early diffusion and development based on Therborns 6 wave model, contemporary model of globalisation, as well as movement of players, commercialisation of global football, global football in sponsorship, advertising and the media. Althought you can find answers on the questions like: How media affect to the football? What was before and after entering TV companies such as BSkyB and ITV to the football? Football whose game is it now? Evaluetion a series of global processes and their effects on football globally as well as establishment of global governing organisations and global tournaments. All of that with facts and evidence, analysis and reserch you can find below in that essey. We live in an age of globalization. The term globalisation evokes many responses both positive and negative. What exactly is globalisation, who are the main players and what are its economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts? Globalisation has developed out for a long term of social processes. As pointed out by Guilianotti and Robertson (2004) the recent history of football in particular, can serve both as an illustration and as an indication of the extent of transnational interconnectedness. Football is something much bigger, rather than game or even a way of life. This distinct reflexion of inconsistent tendencies of the modern world with all its pleasures and grieves. Football represent not geographical zones but social classes and political ideas. Unlike baseball or tennis football bears cargo of century hatred and historical biases. It is sports with real rates. It is capable to break ruling modes and to generate liberation movements. Early diffusion and historical development Footballs international diffusion occurred during the late 19th century. The contemporary history of the worlds favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed becoming the sports first governing body. Football, following the path of modern industrialism, spread from England to Europe (Duke 1995), North America (Waldstein and Wagg 1995) and South America (Guttmann 1994), and eventually the African continent (Stuart 1995). Accounts of the diffusion of the game to different parts of the world underline the intrinsic interrelation between football and industrial globalisation. As more and more regions became integrated into the emerging capitalist global economy (Pohl 1989) the leisure practice of football standardized in its rules and nationalized in its demands on time and space continued the cultural equivalent to the cha nging processes of industrial production. Robinson observes, for example, that global elites, regardless of their nationality, increasingly tend to share similar lifestyles and interact through expanding networks of the transnational state. Globalization is in this way unifying the world into a single mode of production and a single global system and bringing about the integration of different countries and regions into a new global economy and society. But the new global capitalism is rife with contradictions, such as the growing rift between the global rich and the global poor, concludes Robinson. (W.I. Robinson 2004). Globalizations are not new phenomena. At least six historical waves, beginning with the spread of world religions, may be identified. An attempt is made to systematize the effects of globalizations on different world regions and social actors. Issues of governance are raised, focusing on states and norms. Accroding to the Therborns six wave model in the first wave we can see first mass migration of people, the same situation we can find in football industry. As Wagg stated, football seems to belong to everyone and, on the other, the game rather like the land in the enclosure movements of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been taken from the people and used for profit. In this later formulation, then, the nation of British footballs social and political history, from the Second World War to the turn of twenty-first century, is founded in ideas of social exclusion. (Wagg 2004). The contemporary model Nowadays football is the most popular and highly globalised sport on the planet, Mr Blatter also said the global football market, by Fifas calculations, was one of over one billion people. According to the Delloite report the European football market alone was worth 14.6 billion Euro in 2008. Englands Premier League clubs now pay their stars over a billion in wages, it has been revealed.The colossal bill equivalent to 1.2 million pounds per player emerged as figures were issued for the season before the current one concludes.Roman Abramovichs Chelsea paid out the most in wages 172 million pounds. Runners-up Manchester United had a salary bill of 121 million pounds. Third-placed Arsenal forked out 101 million pounds, followed by Liverpool, whose players earned 90 million pounds, according to football finance analysts Deloitte. These football clubs are now identified as a global brands, for example Manchester United fan base is 75 million people around the world. The contemporary mo del is also marked by a series of global migrations, at the moment in the English Premier League playing about 50% of foreighn players, but in 1992 there was just 11 registred players from overseas. Media and commercialisation of global football Along with the technology of the industrial revolution that produced the steamboats, railroads, and mass transit that moved people to leisure events, the rapidly evolving technology of mass media brought the drama and the exticement of sporting events to the people. The mass media, more than anything else were responsible for promoting organized sport from a relatively minor element of culture into a full-blown social institution. (Lever and Wheeler 1993:126). By the time television first appeared on the scene in the mid to late 1930s the patterns of mobile privatisations were already established. Television was part of a second generation of mass media that reinforced the structures of decentralised, private and suburban life. As Silversone argues, the space for television had been created by a social and cultural fabric already prepared. This social and cultural fabric was in turn an expression of the ever more central role of rationalised mass consumption in capitalist societies. Thus the social, cultural and economic premises of the rise of television were interrelated with those of the rise of modern football. These standardized practices of mass consumption reflected in the rise of television and radio were epitomised in the economic regime of Fordism. Regular Fordist work and leisure patterns led to the manifestation of the weekend as place of consumption for the Victorian wage-earner, combining both social identity and privacy (Cross 1997:120). The establishment of half-Saturdays had been a cruicial premise for the rise of professional football in Englang. Now, the extended leisure time of the Fordist weekend became the focal point of the consumption of mediated sports. This is underlined by the rise os Saturday afternoon sports magazines on American and British television (Goldlust 1987;Whannel 1991). Fordism, suburbanization and mass consumption thus constituted a triangle whereby both television and football were soon firmly integrated into the every day life of millions of viever. Television incorporated the stable and cyclical sports calendar into its schedules and thus reproduced and reinforced the temporal organisation of Fordist leisure practices. In the modern football, for example, Premiership clubs are being bought at a time when the income of each of the leagues 20 teams is set to soar following a recent record-busting overseas television rights deal. Booming demand from Asia and the Middle East has allowed the league to tie up contracts worth  £625 million for broadcasting rights for the next three seasons, boosting overall media income to  £2.725 billion; 60 percent above previous levels. (Delloite: football industry report). Several Leagues (such as the French, German and English leagues) have recently renegociated broadcast contracts and have secured significant revenues for their clubs for a number of years. In Spain, Superclubs like Real Madrid and Barcelona have individually negociated broadcast contracts. The Premier League is the most popular and the most lucrative domestic football league. The sports goods industry is dominatd by Nike, Adidas and football kit wars regularly occur at the World Cup and in the leading national leagues. The major TV leagues are in Europe the big five and the lesser five or six. Football has become a significant content filler in the age of new TV technology satellite, cable digital, telephony and internet. As Rupert Murdoch referred to it a battering ram for opening a new markets (Cashmore 2003:64). Alongside this are the stars and star clubs who benefit from almost constant commercial and media exposure especcially, but not only, Beckham, Ronaldo, Real Madrid, and Manchester United. These players and clubs are representative of a new trend in the international financing of football. After the colapse of the football bubble economy in 2001, clubs have tried to explore new income sources by expanding their customer base worldwide. In particular, the economically vibrant East Asian regions has been a preferential destination for marketin g managers and promotion tours. As Shimizu points out that David Backhams two visits to Japan in summer of 2003 were mainly commercial promoting endoresments for TBS (beauty salons), Meiji Seika (confectionery), Castrol (oil) and Vodafone (mobile phones) in June and his new team Real Madrid in August. According to a report by the Sports Business Group at Deloitte, one reason most top clubs have continued to see revenue increases and post strong profits is that they have lucrative multi-year broadcasting and sponsorship deals that have not been affected by the recession. BSkyB and Setanta pay out roughly $1.8 billion a year for Premier League rights. Arsenal, Liverpool and Schalke 04 have multi-year deals with Emirates, Carlsberg and Gazprom that pay these clubs over $15 million a season. More than half of the 20 clubs with the highest revenue signed current uniform sponsors within the last two years. The deals are good through 2013, on average, protecting teams biggest source of sp onsorship revenue (along with stadium-naming rights). On the broadcast side, German, English and the top Spanish clubs all have deals in place through 2014, with French rights due for renegotiation in 2012 and Italy set to return to centrally sold rights in 2010. At the turn of the twentieth century, centralized, urban leisure started to compete with more decentralized forms of consumption aided by the rise of new technologies such as the telegraph and railways (Ingham and Beamish 1993). New communication technologies helped to establish the national dimension of sport by enabling sports results to be communicated instantly over long distances. Radio reporting was immediate and, crucually, national rather than local. When Preston North End won the FA Cup in 1938, many listeners in Britain could for the first time follow the event on their radio sets simultaneously. Thus mass communication crucially contributed to the social and territorial diffusion of football. Sports has become more commercialised in the past twenty-five years. Equally it is almost passe to say that contemporary football is big business. In 1994 Sepp Blatter claimed that football was bringing in US$163 billion annually, more than General Motors could make selling cars (cited in Smith 1997:144). Elsewhere the commercial development of football, and especially the economic aspect of the World Cup, has been assesed in great detail (Guilianotti 1999). When Bourdieu argued that television has acted as the Trojan horse for the introduction of the commercial logic into football he was only partly accurate since commercial interests have always been present in sport. The development and growth of the global media was one of the main reasons of commercialisation of football as well as people who have money and time to spend and invest for a long time perioud. Television sport throughout the world is dominated by football. There is football and then the rest sports. FIFAs empire has grown accordingly. Several Leagues (such as the French, German and English leagues) have recently renegociated broadcast contracts and have secured significant revenues for their clubs for a number of years. In Spain, Superclubs like Real Madrid and Barcelona have individually negociated broadcast contracts. The Premier League is the most popular and the most lucrative domestic football league. The most significant process which helped to increase global commercialisation of football, is development of a global media profile. Because just after big TV deals football became a billion game just because of media football players can earn millions pounds. For example, in Britain, since 1992 rights fees have increased enormously from 191.5 millions pounds to 1 billion 700 millions pounds, and every year the amount of money coming from the TV rights is growing up. As Delloite financial specialists argued that the outcome of the Premier League broadcast rights negociations and the values achieved is likely to be a key driver in determining the ranking of English clubs in the Money League in future seasons. Money led to foreighn players The globalisation of football has been marked by a considerable increase in the recruitment of foreign players throughout various leagues. But not only a players are moving around the world, in June, Manchester City became the eighth current Premiership club to be taken over by foreign investors. Aston Villa, Chelsea, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester United, Portsmouth and West Ham United are also owned by foreign businessmen. As Giovani Trapattoni argued: Really, there has been a globalisation of football, and my view is that it has been good for the game. If you look at football in Europe especially, the standard is now very high. A lot of money has come into the game in these leagues and it has been used to combine all these different cultures in some exceptional teams. According to figures released by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), no fewer than 857 players left the countrys sunny shores for foreign leagues in 2004. Though just short of the previous years record, the nu mber is further proof that Brazils dream academy is alive and well. Answer on tthe question why foreighn players migrate around the world, is simply money. But in some cases money ist a first factor when player make a decision where to move, a good example can be Russia, salaries in Russian Premier League are on the same level like in Big Five leagues in Europe. So when player make a choice where to move Spain or Russia for equivalent amount of money, his choice usually will be Spain. The major factor to make this decision is cultural engagement and geographical reasons. Conclusions: Diminishing contrasts and increasing varieties? The worlds richest clubs are prospering despite the global recession. The financial crisis has yet to derail the worlds most valuable football teams. Forbes Magazines calculations shows the top 25 teams are now worth, on average, $597 million, 8% more than the previous year. The outcome of the Premier League broadcast rights negociations and the values achieved is likely to be a key driver in determining the ranking of English clubs in the Money League in future seasons. These clubs posted operating income (in the sense of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) of $42 million during the 2007-2008 season, 20% more than the top 25 clubs earned the previous year. There are now five clubs (Manchester United, Real Madrid, Arsenal, Bayern Munich and Liverpool) worth at least $1 billion. Only the National Football League (American Football) has more billion-dollar teams (19). With its capitalistic bent, European soccer rewards the best-performing clubs with higher broadcasting revenue, the magazine said in a report Thursday. Leading the charge is the worlds most valuable sports franchise: English Premier League champions Manchester United, worth $1.87 billion. Indeed, Forbes reports Manchester United posted $160 million in operating income, with its stadium, Old Trafford, pulling in more than $200 million in ticket and concession revenue last season. Spains Real Madrid ranked as the second most valuable at $1.35 billion, followed by another English club, Arsenal at $1.2 billion, Germanys Bayern Munich at $1.11 billion, and Englands Liverpool at $1 billion, according to Forbes. By comparison, the most valuable Major League Baseball team is the New York Yankees, worth an estimated $1.3 billion as of last April, while the most valuable National Football League team is the Dallas Cowboys, valued at $1.6 billion last September, according to Forbes. Burnished by that relative stability and by the sports growing popularity throughout China and Southeast Asia, big-ticket investors have continued to pour money into Englands Premier league, the magazine points out, noting the sale last fall of Englands Manchester City to Sheikh Mansour Bin Zayed Al Nahyan for nearly $385 million. The value of European football is still there, said sports banker Robert J. Tilliss, founder of Inner Circle Sports. The demand from broadcasters and sponsors has continued to rise. References: Globalisation Armstrong, G., Giulianotti, R. (1997). Entering the Field: New Perspectives on World Football. Oxford: Berg. Armstrong, G., Giulianotti, R. (2001). Fear and Loathing in World Football. Oxford: Berg. Armstrong, G., Mitchell, J. (2008). Global and Local Football: Politics and Europeanisation on the Fringes of the EU. London: Routledge. Back, L., Crabbe, T., Solomon, J (2001). The Changing Face of Football: Racism, Identity and Multiculture in the English Game. Oxford: Berg. Cashmore, E. (2000). Making Sense of Sports. London: Routledge. Coakley, J. (2003). Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies. Boston: McGraw Hill. Coakley J., Dunning E. (2000). Handbook of Sports Studies. London: Sage. Conn, D. (1997). The Football Business. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. Dobson, S., Goddard, J. (2006). The Economics of Football. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dunning, E. Maguire, J., Pearton, R. (1993). The Sports Process. Champaign: Human Kinetics. Dunning, E., Murphy, P., Williams, J. (1988). The Roots of Football Hooliganism. London: Routledge. Dunning, E., Rojek, C. (1993). Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Finn, G., Giulianotti, R. (2000). Football Culture: Local Contests, Global Visits. London: Cass. Giulianotti, R. (1999). Football: A Sociology of the Global Game. Cambridge: Polity. Giulianotti, R., Williams, J. (1994). Games without Frontiers: Football, Identity and Modernity. Aldershot: Arena. Guillianotti, R., Robertson, R. (2009). Globalization Football. London: Sage. Hargreaves, J. (1994). Sporting Females. London: Routledge. Holt, R. (1993). Sport and the British. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Horne, J., Tomlinson, A., Whannel, G. (1999). Understanding Sport. London: Spon. Houlihan, B. (2003). Sport Society: A Student Introduction. London: Sage. Lanfranchi, P., Taylor, M. (2001). Moving with the Ball. Oxford: Berg. Maguire, J. Jarvie, G. Mansfield, L., Bradley, J. (2002). Sport Worlds. Leeds: Human Kinetics. Maguire, J. (1999). Global Sport. Cambridge: Polity Press. Miller, T., Lawrence., McKay., Rowe. (2001). Globalization and Sport. London: Sage. Murphy, P., Williams, J., Dunning, E. (1990). Football on Trial: Spectator Violence and the Development of World Football. London: Routledge. Murray, B. (1996). The Worlds Game: A History of Soccer. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. Polley, M. (1998). Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society Since 1945. London: Routledge. Russell, D. (1997). Football and the English. Leeds: Carnegie Press. Sandvoss, C. (2008). A Game of Two Halves: Football, Television and Globalization. London: Routledge. Walvin, J. (1994). The Peoples Game: A History of Football Revisited. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing.

Hammurabis Code :: essays research papers

Hammurabi’s Code The formers of the Hammurabi’s Code of Laws surely created strict rules with severe punishments for their violation. In fact, these laws played a big role in organization of Mesopotamian society. Reading these laws, reader may learn about ideals people of Mesopotamia had about crimes, their attitude to the lower and higher social classes, and legal rights between men and women. Reading the laws I noticed that many crimes were punished by death penalty. Many laws tell that guilty person has to pay the same price for the physical harm one did to another person or one’s relative. For instance: law 196 states (encyclopedia.com): â€Å" If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out.† In addition, at that time, people were penalized to death for many crimes or wrongdoings that almost never would be penalized with capital punishment at a modern time. Among such felony and misdemeanors are stealing, robbery, accusation, adultery, and desertion. Hammur abi’s Code also, reveals inequality between social classes. Slaves were not treated by the laws the same as free-born people. According to the Code of Hammurabi, women had some legal rights, but these rights were not equal to men’s. Married women had a right to divorce as well as men. In fact, in order to acquire the right for divorce, a woman has to find a reasonable explanation for her desire, and only than the divorce could be possible. Overall, the Hammurabi’s Code of Laws showed that crimes in Mesopotamia were followed by severe punishments. Very often these punishments were death penalty. The laws were not equal between social classes, and slaves were subjected to the harsher punishments than free-born.

Euthanasia of Pretamture Babies :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Amy gave birth to a baby boy after only 24 weeks gestation. The premature child weighed only 1 1/4 lbs and was only 13 inches. Statistically, the child has between a 5% and a 20% chance of survival and over a 50% chance of growing up with intellegence disabilities, cerebral palsy, blindness, and deafness. Should money be continually spent on medical treatment or should the parents and/ or doctor be given the rigt to take away the life support? What is euthanasia? Is it just a murder, or is it a helpful procedure to end people's suffering? It is the "act of helping a person end his or her life in a painless fashion to relieve unbearable suffering". It is the taking of a human life by another person to prevent further pain and misery. There are four types of euthanasia: Active, Passive, Voluntary and Involuntary. Active Euthanasia is when a second party, whether is be a doctor or someone else, discretely introduces a lethal amount of medication into the sick or dying person. Passive Euthanasia involves the removal of medical treatment from the suffering individual. Voluntary Euthanasia is when the patient asks his or her doctor to assist in the procedures to ensure the end of the patient's life. Involuntary Euthanasia is present in Amy's case, along with Passive Euthanasia. It is when the individual who is suffering is either in a coma, incompitent, or a premature child that cannot speak for itself, and instea d of the patient making the decision, the family and/ or doctor does. Prematurity is when a child is born within less than 36 weeks gestation. The child is usually born with low birth weight, some type of physical deformity and / or any kind of mental problems that can all lead to a future of being outcatsed. Around half the babies born at 24 weeks are at risk of growing up with severe disabilities. Minor disabilities dont usually occur until further in the child's life, approximately once the child begins attending school. Reading and learning problems may occur. Obviously, the earlier the child is born the less chance of survival and health there is. This is because the babies have not yet fully developed the lungs, causing sudden collapses with every breath the child takes. "Matters involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may take in a lifetime...are central to the liberty protected by the 14th amendment.

Muslim Nationalism Essay

In the twentieth- century Muslim leaders in South Asia along with North Africa defined nationalism in different ways in their countries. Documents 3 and 4 demonstrate the path of looking for power and gaining power through nationalism. Documents 1 and 2 show how South Asia and Northern Africa tried solving problems and gaining more education through nationalistic beliefs. Lastly, documents 5 and 6 shows the Algerian motives to being nationalists. Muslim leaders used nationalism to gain power, solve internal problem, and gain more education. Using potential power as a motive for being nationalistic was an option. Muslims wanted to copy European ways in order to have more power and achieve independence(Doc 4). The Europeans had a strong army that went against many countries and won. For instance, the Muslims were witnesses of WW1. The Muslim states wanted to become as powerful as the Europeans, so they became nationalistic in order to do so. The Muslims in the Ottoman empire lasted through seeing the tactics and way of empowerment that the Europeans had. The Muslims from Egypt decided to mimic Europe while in India the leaders greatly dislikes the new people in power(Doc 3). Both Southern Asia and Northern Africa tried solving country issues and gain more education by basing themselves on a Nationalist state. In 1965 Egypt turned into a nationalist state in order to resolve conflicting associations within their people and land(Document 2). One of the main reasons Egypt used education as their excuse was to get closer to peace within their country. The level of rigor for education was boosted up to British levels education as a result of the Muslim look on Europe(Document 1). During 1880s Africa wanted to be unified and not have conflicts within and with other countries and regions. As seen in Document 5, Moufdi, a nationalistic, Algerian leader, believed in accepting people from other lands no matter where they were from. Algeria was religiously tolerant as well. As well as ,Ahmed Ben Bella, a military nationalist leader, spoke of how he wanted to point out the the contrasting relationship within Catholics and Muslims and not have it be a conflict anymore(Document 6). As a result of nationalism spreading throughout regions, Africa was being unified to be a more in sync continent. Muslim leaders used nationalism to gain power, solve internal problem, and gain more education. Places like South Asia and north Africa were growing internally and externally due to a change in nationalism. A helpful additional document could have been a letter from an opposing power to the nationalists and how the transformation of nations was affecting them.