A Dream of Equality :: Free Essay Writer

A Dream of EqualityOn January 15, 1929, Martin Luther queen Jr. was innate(p) in Atlanta, Georgia. queen was born in a nice fellowship that had a low amount of crime with many of his neighbors being very religious. Martin Luther superpower Jr.s scram was a well respected clergyman in the community. His father did his best to protect his family from the harsh realities of racism and segregation and was the person most responsible for King becoming a man of faith. Throughout his early childhood, King and his brother Alfred Martin were subject to strict corporal punishment from their father. But every his life King still had nothing but love and respect for his father. When he was twelve years old, King began doubting his faith. When he left to Morehouse College he thought most entering the fields of medicine or law. After graduating from Morehouse with a degree in sociology, King attended Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania and earned a bachelors degree in divini ty.One of the first stands against discrimination that King was a part of dealt with public transportation. In Montgomery, Alabama, the first ten seating in a public bus were reserved for whites only and the last ten set were reserved for blacks. But if there were empty white seats towards the front of the bus and the rest of the seats were full, blacks were forced to stand. After years of being mistreated by racist bus drivers, the African American community had had enough and decided to boycott the bus system in Montgomery. On December 5, 1955, a group of black ministers asked Martin Luther King Jr. to be the spokesman for the protest. King accepted the job and inspired the black community to boycott the bus system. In his speeches, King emphasized basic Christian values and American democracy. He maintained a balance of militancy and moderation. King inspired people to be angry about what was going on and at the same epoch inspired them to maintain their composure and be respo nsible. The goal of the bus boycott in Montgomery was to get the city to hire black bus drivers. Blacks all over Montgomery stopped using the public buses. In order to help the people that were boycotting to get to work, the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) organized a car pool. However, soon after the car pool started police began stopping the drivers, questioning, and arresting them.

Marketing The Non-Interest Banking System Essay -- Finance

Marketing Non-Interest Banking (International Business Vitality)Traditional Western banking system, with its 5-9% APR on loans performs some benefits for borrowers, but not absolute, as the bankers like to joke. often more favorable conditions for customers offer Islamic banks. These fiscal institutions are willing to lend funds without any interest at all. At first glance, this tilt seems absurd after all, why should the bank give money to borrowers in debt with no desire of getting any benefit, if it is more successful to invest the corresponding money in the deal and get a significant income? However, skepticism is hardly reassert in this situation. The principle of Islamic banking system is based on the fact that every Muslim, regardless of whether he uses - a loan or debt, cannot carry financial transaction under a steady rate correspond to the religious canons. Usury is forbidden by Quran. The income of the bank is bewilderd from the investment funds redistribution. A Muslim who brings the money to the bank has a choice to put them on the current account or into the investment account. If he chooses the current account, he does not receive any money, except the inflation rate, which is set by the state. If he chooses an investment account, the banker and the client agree on the clients income from the income of the bank in a given investment project . Due to the fact that Islamic banks have their give companies and production, which bring income from the sales of specific goods in the market, these programs bring profits to the investors as well. There diverse programs in which European banks (English and German) can be interested in. (Dalrymple, B)Accordingly, the equivalent principle applies to borrowers. Taking the money in ... ...dely implemented by the European countries in enunciate to prevent financial crisis and develop local businesses. (Brach, J., 2010).ReferencesAli A. Ibrahim, The rise of universal businesses in international f inancial markets An introduction to Islamic finance and the challenges of international integration. Georgetown University Law Center. (n.d.). Accessed at http//works.bepress.com/ali_ibrahim/3Brach, J. (2010). The Global Financial Crisis and the Arab World Impact, Reactions and Consequences. Mediterranean Politics.Dalrymple, B. How sharia law law is affecting global interest rate determination. Journal of Finance and Accountancy .Jobst, A. A. (2007). The political economy of Islamic Finance and Securitization. IMF Working PapersRobbins, H. E. (2010). Soul trenchant and Profit Seeking Reconciling the Competing Goals of Islamic Finance. Texas Law Review Marketing The Non-Interest Banking System Essay -- FinanceMarketing Non-Interest Banking (International Business Vitality)Traditional Western banking system, with its 5-9% APR on loans performs some benefits for borrowers, but not absolute, as the bankers like to joke. Much more favorable conditions for customers offe r Islamic banks. These financial institutions are willing to lend money without any interest at all. At first glance, this statement seems absurd after all, why should the bank give money to borrowers in debt with no hope of getting any benefit, if it is more successful to invest the same money in the deal and get a significant income? However, skepticism is hardly justified in this situation. The principle of Islamic banking system is based on the fact that every Muslim, regardless of whether he uses - a loan or debt, cannot carry financial transaction under a steady rate according to the religious canons. Usury is forbidden by Quran. The income of the bank is received from the investment redistribution. A Muslim who brings the money to the bank has a choice to put them on the current account or into the investment account. If he chooses the current account, he does not receive any money, except the inflation rate, which is set by the state. If he chooses an investment account, th e banker and the client agree on the clients income from the income of the bank in a given investment project . Due to the fact that Islamic banks have their own companies and production, which bring income from the sales of specific goods in the market, these programs bring profits to the investors as well. There different programs in which European banks (English and German) can be interested in. (Dalrymple, B)Accordingly, the same principle applies to borrowers. Taking the money in ... ...dely implemented by the European countries in order to prevent financial crisis and develop local businesses. (Brach, J., 2010).ReferencesAli A. Ibrahim, The rise of customary businesses in international financial markets An introduction to Islamic finance and the challenges of international integration. Georgetown University Law Center. (n.d.). Accessed at http//works.bepress.com/ali_ibrahim/3Brach, J. (2010). The Global Financial Crisis and the Arab World Impact, Reactions and Consequences. Mediterranean Politics.Dalrymple, B. How Sharia law is affecting global interest rate determination. Journal of Finance and Accountancy .Jobst, A. A. (2007). The Economics of Islamic Finance and Securitization. IMF Working PapersRobbins, H. E. (2010). Soul Searching and Profit Seeking Reconciling the Competing Goals of Islamic Finance. Texas Law Review

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Mustafe AliK ben HerreidEnglish 1101-83October 20, 2013Hunger Games Film Review.The Hunger games movie is a 2012 American science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the naval of the same name by Suzanne Collins. The picture is the foremost instalment in the hunger games film series and was produced by Nina Jackabson and john kilik, with a screen play by Ross. Collis and Billy Ray. The film stars are Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, cedarn Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci and Donald Sutherland. The story of hunger games movie takes place in the nation of panem which used to be in the north of America. The nation of panem consists of a wealthy capitol and twelve poorer districts. The bakers dozen district was supposedly destroyed, so In order to remind the people of the history each year, the Capitol created an annual even sot the hunger a reality T.V turn up in which twenty four children from the remaining distri ct must fight in to death,. The main purpose of the hunger games movie was to show the rebels (other districts) that not even children are beyond the reach of their power.The rules of hunger games movie was one boy and one girl between the ages eighteen and twelve from each district are gathered and fight in to death in an arena (large forest area) until there Is a winner. These boys and girls (tributes) are selected by lottery. Primrose Everdeen is chosen in her first reaping but later her older sister katniss Everdeen volunteers to take her place. The other district twelve male tribute is Peeta mallark.During the hunger games movie there was a chemise up and two people from the same district could win. Peeta mallark and katniss Everdeen from district twelve w... ...ot gory I really enjoyed watching this movie.The Hunger Games has all the necessary prerequisites of significant movie. It is aesthetically pleasing, visually impressive and well-written (especially for an adaptati on of a first-person narrative). The emotional weight of the movie is shouldered by Jenifer Lawrence, who plays the films hardened heroine Katniss Everdeen, and the supporting ptyalizes performances are all well above average. Most of the actors and actress are very young and do not that much experience.Finally the movie is a good movie. Actually this movie doesnt need any improvement. The writer, actresses, and actors did their best. They tried to make a point and be a creative about it and that is hardly what they did. It is an amazing movie. I The Hunger Games. Dir. Gary Ross. Perf. Jennifer Lawrence and Josh Hutcherson. Lionsgate, 2012. DVD.

Religion and advertising :: essays research papers

Advertising and ReligionAnyone who seems to be in the business of promoting themselves or their product is turning to religion to progress a larger audience. Take the religion of Kaballah for instance, five years ago many of us would openly admit that we had never heard of the religion before. only when now, thanks to the media many of us know Kaballah is the religion practiced by such celebrities as Madonna and Britney Spears. In all actuality Kaballah is a more sacred branch of the Jewish religion.Many religions are now branching out and using the media to market their religion and sparking serious debates in the process. Many feel that it is pretty immoral for churches to use the media to market themselves in the mainstream. Some believe the religions should simply sell themselves, but not literally.As Americans we now see television commercials for churches and go on regular broadcast channels. Another fairly recent trend that we see are churches in strip malls or plazas. N ext to our favorite result cigarette shop, local retail store, Bingo hall, or fast food chain there are churches. Much of the advertising we see for religions is on a smaller scale and not so mainstream. The religion of Jehovahs Witness often sends its members door-to-door to spread their word, give out information, in take to to maintain new members. Those of us who have been privileged with a visit know that they are early risers and like to travel in pairs, so as to take turns overwhelming us with spoken word and pamphlets.One of the largest trends of advertising that we have seen is the wearing of a cross. What used to be a symbol of ones beliefs and value has become a mere fashion accessory. In the world of celebrities and bling-bling, a word associated with the amount of visible jewelry shown, a platinum cross bay wreath adorned with diamonds and/or jewels is a sign of wealth and defines your degree of celebrity.However not everyone is into advertising religion in the mains tream. In January 2005 an article was published in USA Today about a conflict between Rolling rock candy Magazine and Zondervan Bible, one of the largest Bible publishers over an ad targeted at spiritually intrigued, 18-to-34-year-olds.Rolling Stone, which rejected the ad just weeks before its scheduled run date, cited an unwritten policy against accepting ads that contain religious messages. Executives for Zondervan say Rolling Stone was a key part of its $1 million campaign targeted at young adults.

Women in Euripides Alcestis, Medea, Andromache, and Bacchae Essays

Euripides portrayal of women in his plays has been somewhat bizarre. His female characters kill out of revenge, kill out of jealousy and kill because a god possessed them too. In Alcestis and Andromache Euripides does produce classic heroic female characters. The women in Medea and The Bacchae are not your typical heroines but serve to show the kindred theme of female liberation as the women in Alcestis and Andromache. While Alcestis is straight forward with its message, the other three plays mask their true intentions from the people they are created to oppose. Euripides aptitude have been misinterpreted by his society because it was dominated by the very people he wrote his plays against. Euripides disguises some of his radical ideas to those who might oppose him and in Alcestis, Andromache, Medea, and The Bacchae shows his female characters be liberated from oppression. In Alcestis we have the heroic female character Alcestis. She dies as a sacrifice to Death so that her husb and, Admetus, can escape his own extremity when his sentence comes. A sign that women are oppressed is that Admetus picked his wife to die for him without giving it much thought. It was only after he realized how loving and caring this char can be, did he regret his decision. Not only did he regret the decision make with the god Apollo, but Apollo himself goes and has a talk with Death. This set up in the opinion of Admetus in a way expresses the fact that women are not viewed as they should be. Women should not be treated as if they have no useful value, as was the case when Admetus first allowed his wife to be his sacrifice, a decision that he would not have made if he had known the woman for more time. Women therefore should be valued more than they are now,... ... have committed were done against men as of the results of mans oppression against women. Euripides could have been telling the right about his time, the tales of murderous women who seek revenge on their husband s, and the men of the his time might have tolerated this view. The point that might have escaped the men of Euripides time was that he was pointing the finger at them. This accusation of men was hidden in his plays. Euripides masked such accusations as rants by crazed females. In a close where disrespecting woman was in the norm, Euripides highlighted what could go wrong with such disrespect. The only reason that the people of Euripides time might have not understood his point was that they byword no wrong being done in disrespecting women. How can people be afraid of the results of a mistake if they do not realize they made the mistake in the first place?

Tis Pity Shes A Whore by John Ford Essay -- John Ford Tis Pity Whore

Tis Pity Shes A Whore by John Ford In this play it would be impossible to accurately assess this ideacommenting on Annabella and Giovanni as a single entity. They areextremely different characters with their only common ground being thelove they defy for each other, and even this is denotative indistinctly different ways with subsequently different consequences.These consequences build up to the conclusion referred to in thequestion, and so it would also prove hard to settlement it directlywithout having previously discussed what has come before and createdsuch conclusion.At the beginning of the play, I believe that the au elapsence is intendedto sympathise with Giovanni. Although his actions are described asdevilish atheism, this is counterbalanced by his modest languagewhich contrasts greatly to later on in the play. He refers to theFriar as Gentle Father and this humble way of addressing him givesthe audience the archetype that Giovanni is genuinely asking for helpand wants to be cured. Although he argues against much of what theFriar says, his respect for him is obvious as he agrees to take hisadvice. This may not have carried much weight for the Carolineaudience for which this would have been performed, however, as thereligion of the English at this time was Protestant, makingCatholicism not the favoured denomination. It has even been statethat Ford presented the characters in this play so faulted because oftheir religious beliefs and nationality, both(prenominal) of which were seen asthe enemy.Throughout this scene, Giovanni is attempting to justify his actionsand convince the Friar that what he is doing is right, by playing onthe religious idea that there is one father, and ... ...how compassion about the consequences of thisdistorted self-image.(I know Ive missed out a bit here, but I say 4 pages is enough andI dont think I could sit here for another hour.)In conclusion, at the beginning of the play sympathy is possible forboth characters. Anna bella earns more than this during the course ofthe play, and is likely to be admired by the audiences from both eras,though would probably have been seem as more promiscuous in the timeof writing than would be perceived now. Giovanni on the other hand,through use of apocalyptic figurative language shows a too high whimsy of himself and is presented as too self-absorbed to induceanything other than contempt. This is accentuated by the death ofAnnabella being caused by such traits and highlighted by the ironythat she had remained to true to him just to die by his hand.

Groupe Ariel Sa Case Analysis Essay

This case discusses Cross-Border valuation of fancys. This kind of analysis is common for companies that are operating in galore(postnominal) countries. Groupe Ariel is one such ships company that is considering investing in a project in its own subsidiary in Mexico. The company manufactures and sells printers, copiers and other document return equipment in many countries. As far as, expansion into new markets is concerned, company is very slow in taking initiatives as compared to its competitors owing to the recent recession. only when the management of the company believes that better durability and lower after-sales service woos of their products enable the company to build customer loyalty. The company is now considering replacing the manual(a) equipment used for recycling in Mexico by new equipment that requires less material and labour costs. But, the uncertainty linked with certain macroeconomic factors like convince rate, pomposity and interest rate has made the valu ation of the project very complex. Compute the NPV of Ariel-Mexicos recycling equipment by counting incremental peso immediate payment flows at a peso interest rate.How should this NPV be translated into Euros? Assume anticipate future inflation for France is 3% per year. For the purpose of calculating NPV in Pesos, incremental cash flows of the project for the abutting 10 years should be cypher first. The initial trace outflow of cash flow at time 0 is the cost of new equipment. This cost is 3500,000 Pesos. The cash set of 175,000 Pesos obtained by selling the manual equipment should be subtracted from this amount to come up with the net out flow. As far as, the inflows of cash for next 10 years are concerned, they squeeze out be calculated by taking the discordence of the cost of operating both manual and new equipments. The value savings owing to the derogation of the new equipment arouse be calculated by multiplying the corporate tax rate of 35% with the amount of de preciation from each one year. These amounts of tax savings should be added to the incremental cost savings for each year to come up with the total cash inflows. The designate value of either these cash inflows and outflows can be calculated by discounting them at 12.19%.This rate is calculated by assuming that the purchasing power parity holds in this scenario. The company can do the feasibility analysis by looking at both from the subsidiarys and parents perspective by assuming that the purchasing powerparity holds. Hence, this rate can be regarded as opportunity cost of enthronization because it is the second best alternative for the company for investment purposes. So, the NPV can be calculated by taking the sum of present values of all the cash flows. This NPV comes out to be 3,703,176 Pesos. This NPV value can be converted into Euros by dividing the NPV value by the spot exchange rate. The spot exchange rate is 15.99 MXN/EURO. Hence, by dividing 3,703,176 by 15.99, NPV va lue in terms of Euro comes out to be 231,593 Euros.Compute the NPV in s by translating future peso cash flows into s at expected future spot rates. Note Ariels hurdle rate for this asset class was 8%. Annual inflation rates are expected to be 7% in Mexico and 3% in France. NPV calculated for this scenario comes out to be 231,507 Euros. The first thing required for calculating NPV in Euro is the forward premium. It is calculated by adding 1 to the inflation rates of France and Mexico respectively, and indeed by taking their ratio. This ratio comes out to be 1.0388. This ratio is then multiplied by current exchange rate of 15.99 MXN/EURO for any year. This exercise gives the prescience of exchange rates for next 10 years. The cash flows in pesos are then converted into Euros by dividing them by the relevant exchange rate. Once the cash flows are obtained in Euros, their present values can be calculated by using the hurdle rate of 8% as the discount rate. NPV can then be obtained b y taking the sum of present values of all the cash flows. Compare the two sets of calculations and the corresponding NPVs.How and why do they differ? Which approach should Arno Martin use? Relate your answer to the textbooks treatment of parity disequilibria in capital budgeting. NPV calculated for the first question is higher(prenominal) than that calculated for the second question. The difference (231593-231507) is 86 Euros. This difference explains that the project has more value for investors in Mexico. The value addition of this project is more to the subsidiary of the company in Mexico as compared to the parent company in France. Hence, the company should hedge the foreign exchange take a chance to reduce exposure to the currency risk. Hedging provides the company with higher expected value and lower risk. Suppose Mexican inflation is projected at 3% instead of 7% per year. Assume French inflation system at 3%. How does this affect the NPV calculations? If, the inflation rat e for both the countries remains the same i.e. 3%, then in that case, the forward premium comes out to be 1.Hence effectively, the exchange rate remains thesame for next 10 years i.e. 15.99 MXN/EURO. By dividing the cash flows in Pesos by this exchange rate for every year, cash flows in Euros are obtained calculated for this scenario. These cash flows are then discounted at the hurdle rate of 8% used for assets in France by the company. The present value of these cash flows is then added to come up with the NPV. This value comes out to be 332,459 Euros. Hence, the value of NPV has increased by decreasing the inflation rate of France in the analysis. Since, the inflation rate is the same in both countries, exchange rate also remains the same and the values of cash flows in Euro terms come out higher for every year. Suppose Ariel expects a significant certain depreciation of the peso against the Euro. How should Martin incorporate this expectation into his NPV analysis? For simplicit y, assume inflation is expected to be 3% in each country.What is its effect on NPV under each of the approaches in questions 1 and 2? This expectation of a real depreciation of Peso against Euro is essentially an exchange risk. Real depreciation of Peso against Euro means a greater exchange rate. Hence, this aspect can be incorporated in our analysis by increasing the exchange rate for every year that reflects the real depreciation in value of Peso. This change will not progress to any effect on the NPV calculated in Pesos. However, since the cash flows for NPV calculation in Euros are obtained by dividing the cash flows in pesos with the exchange rate, their value in Euros will be lower. Therefore, NPV of these cash inflows and outflows should be less. Firms can face violations of the parity conditions in addition to the parity violation in Question 5. What ability these violations be, and what might be their consequences? Besides real depreciation in the exchange rate, there are many other ways in which parity conditions can be violated.Any sort of risk that is unique and effects businesses more in one country than another leads to the violation of parity conditions. Risks like political risk and exchange risk may lead to the violation of law of one price. These risks emerge from changes in government policies related to tariffs, quotas, trade agreements and inflation. These violations make the valuation of external projects more complex. The local perspective of a project in a country may be lead to very different conclusions as compared to an international. So, a project may prove to be very profitable for a local investor, but the same project may not be as attractive for an international investor. Similarly, someprojects appear good for an international investor while a local investor may incur losses by investing in the same project. Are there any real options embedded in Ariels decision? What is a real option, anyway? Yes, there is a real option embe dded in Ariels decision.This real option refers to the option of replacing the manual equipment by the new equipment to increase the profitability. Real options are alike(p) to the options of financial markets as far as the option of investing, or abandoning is concerned. Real options essentially mean having the real and tangible option of accepting or sledding a project if circumstances change. NPV analysis ignores this option and hence it is normally regarded as a more conservative capital budgeting technique. Just as, a name premium or put premium is the price of having the option, initial investment is the cost of real option. When an option is in the money, it means that the option holder can earn that amount by exercising the option. Similarly, in case of real options, a positive NPV refers to the value addition if the project is accepted. Should Group Ariel approve the equipment to grease ones palms?A positive NPV of a project means that the project will give a return hig her than the hurdle rate and the dollar value of NPV is the value addition to the company. The NPV in all the scenarios has a significant positive value. Hence, the company should approve the equipment purchase because the project adds value to the company. As far as, exchange risk is concerned, it can be minimized by the parent company through hedging. If the firm does not choose to hedge, then the discount rate should be adjusted upwards to reflect higher risk.

Culture in Kuwait Essay

The State of capital of capital of capital of Kuwait is a sovereign of the unite Arab Emirates and considered as one of the Gulf countries. The name Kuwait came from the Arabic akwat, the plural of kout, which denotes fortress built near water. The emirate has the population of 3. 4 million situated in its 20,000 square kilometers geographical area. During the 19th century, Kuwait came under the power of the Ottoman Empire and after the World War I, it became known as an autonomous sheikhdom under the defense of the British Empire. It was in the late 1930s that Kuwaits large oil fields were discovered.Kuwait has a parliamentary system of government, under a constitutional monarchy with Kuwait City as the center of all political and economic activities. The country is the worlds fifth producer oil reserves and oil colour and petroleum products which account for its almost 95% export revenues, and 80% of government income. Based in per capita Kuwait is the eleventh richest country in the world. In addition, it has the highest human culture index (HDI) in the Arab world. World Bank classified Kuwait as a high income economy.It is also designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States, because of its close recent political and financial ties and affinities with the latter. Majority of the Kuwaits population are Muslim and practices Islam as their religion, though it has a huge company of Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs. Islam means peace, love, and complete submission and obedience to God. Being a Muslin means accepting Islam and living a life in accordance to its teachings as easy as setting as an example to former(a) Muslims.Instead of the common greetings of good morning or hello, Muslims greet each other by saying Assalamo Alaikum, which stands for May peace be upon you and may God blessings be with you. It is the mission of every Muslim uttering these words to multiply love and peace anyplace one goes. Muslims pray five (5) times a day and normally clean their bodies before praying. In the analysis using Hofstedes five deterrent example dimensions, religion plays a significant role the lives of its people.High power distance and uncertainty avoidance are evident attributes in this nation just deal any other Arab countries. Leaders do not mix themselves into the group and usually issue detailed and particular orders. It follows a caste system and does not allow major upward mobility of its people. In order to reduce the amount of ambiguity, detailed rules, laws, regulations and controls are implemented. Discrimination in terms of influence and affluence has been consented to enlarge within the society and is acknowledged by the population as their cultural legacy.Therefore, leaders can easily enforce their leadership and control which usually resorts to grow to attain democratic change. Masculinity is on the average, evidenced by limited rights of women in Kuwait society, which again could be credited to the Muslim religion instead than its cultural pattern. Individualism is low, which translates into collectivist culture as noticeable in a close-commitment to the member group like the family, extended family, or extended relationships. homage is vital in a collectivist society which overrides all other rules.In Kuwait, visitors are expected to be reserved, though does not pertain to clothing especially for foreigners. Regardless of the climate, most of the body must(prenominal) stay covered. For men, it is a requirement to wear a jacket and tie during business conferences. They should also be dressed in long pants and a shirt favorably long-sleeved and fastened up top the collar. There must be noticeable jewels specifically around the neck. Women must also be conservative especially in public. The necklines must be high, at least to the elbows, while hemlines must be ankle-low or below the knee.Pants are not advisable and scarf must be handy especially when going inside a Mosque. Too oft entimes appreciation of an item must be avoided, because the host might become compelled to grant said item. Rejection to accept the gift is impolite and rude. Receiving gifts must be through in public. Gifts such as alcohol, perfumes containing alcohol, pork, pigskin products, personal items such as underwear, knives, toy dogs or pictures of dog and image of nude or partially nude women should no be given to anyone in Kuwait.When going inside buildings it is proper to remove ones shoes. Muslims do not eat pork and drink alcohol. Grasping each others right hand putting the left on the others right shoulder and exchanging kisses on each cheek is the traditional greetings amongst men. Men may shake hands with women, but the latter must wait for the first to offer his hand. The left hand is regarded as dirty and must be set aside for personal hygiene.

Prejudice Can Be Hurtful and Destructive Example.

ROBERT KENNEDY COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF CUMBRIA ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS MID-TERM ASSIGNMENT 2/18/2013 indecision 1 Understanding Human fashion is critical to organizations discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it related to leading today. Self-evaluation or self-leadership (Runn, 2011) forms a critical part of a leaders repertoire and some key blocks of the foundation for this individuals leadership. If someone can ultimately say that they fully understand themselves, they will find it much easier to understand others somewhat them.Self-evaluation is an ongoing activity that leaders essential use to identify their strength and weakness to resolve towards of improvement. Kaplan (Kaplan, Robert S. , 2007) in his experience has learned that the key characteristic of super successful leaders is not that they figure out how to always stay on course, only that they recognize a deteriorating situation and get back on track as quick as possible. Self-assessme nt and self-evaluation help managers and leader to get back on track employmenting of the weak argona and empowering their strength.Leader practically privation to receive feedback, therefore they must find way to evaluate themselves. Holmes (Holmes, 2012) identifies nine beas that a leader should centralize and they are critical of a high military operation work environment and enables people to perform at their best. The areas are 1. Providing direction 2. Problem solving/Decision making 3. Support/Reli talent 4. Team function and Communication 5. Recognition 6. Interpersonal skills 7. Culture building 8. Coach/influencer 9. Personal Power These areas are fundamental in achieving the smashing results, establish vision and leave it to the subordinate.In an organization vision and goal are sat and when they are not correctly communicated subordinate becomes demotivated and uncommitted. A leader should always communicate effectively his and organisational vision, give feedba ck and collapse continuous coaching. Kaplan (Kaplan, Robert S. , 2007) points that leaders often fail to coach employees in a direct and timely fashion and, instead wait until the year-end review. Leader avoiding coaching and giving effective feedback can cast unpleasant surprise and can undermine effective professional development.Robbins & Judge (2010) argue postulation whether it is actually possible for individuals to be their own leader. Coveys, in his book the 7 habits of highly effective people, describe the way people can improve their actions to be highly successful. Leaders needs to have a high emotional intelligence and Goleman (Goleman, 2000) defines the emotional intelligence has the ability to manage ourselves and our relationship effectively. In my experience, we often dont lead but we manage and being driven focusing on the say-to-day jobs.When I was assigned to a project my priority were to have the work done and pushing on subordinates to obtain the results wi thout clearly envision and coaching them. Being involved in day to day activity, leaders are managed by these activities often becoming the subordinate of their subordinate as explain in monkey management instead of delegating responsibilities. In today organization, leaders are coping with fast changes and they need to adapt and apply them. Self-assessment will drive them to be open to change and also evaluate their weakness to be successful.Most of the Fortune 500 has been implementing the self-assessment and evaluation. The question is the efficacy of the self-assessment and self-evaluation. It is a personal change and often leader are not open to it. Knowing the personal weakness helps in making a paradigm shift but these changes are hard to be applied because they require going out of the comfort zone. peck survive changes and struggle with this idea, especially when they are having low esteem, un-secureness. They see these weakness has negative and instead of working out to improve and motivate themselves in improving.In the history, these factors have been used in the wrong way and against the person. In today organization, these concepts have been changing and researchers have showed the importance of identify and work to improve them but if they resist this change process they will continue having the same problem. The Leadership Steps Assessment (LSA) (Clawson & McNay, 2000)discusses the importance of identifying six leadership ability, as also discussed above. One of ability is to clarify their own center.Clawson define that clarity of core measure outs is a key leadership characteristic, because if one is not internally clear about priorities, what it is good to do, what it is ethically charterable, the influence of others may sway ones behavior away from achieving ones goals or from ethical means of achieving them. Covey identifies these activities as Emotional Bank Account individual creates in others. If we are not able to recognize our valu es or we focus in other value like money, success that are Personality Characteristic instead of Character values we are easily influenced by them.In conclusion, today leadership must focus on their strength and weakness evaluating themselves and training in improving the Emotional Intelligence. Self-assessment is an on-going process to achieve high successful result that will benefit companies but at the same time work environments. Researches have analyzed many data in distinct company size. These researchers have identified that leaders being self-aware, self-confident have reduced turn-over, created healthier environment and got from subordinate to work at their max death penalty.Self-assessment has given to leaders better vision and focuses more on organizational goals. They have been improving empathy and coaching of the staffs being accepted as great leader. Whenever we understand ourselves, we are able to share idea and let others accept the changes without many resistance and we create followers. These are beneficial on personal and organizational level. By understanding themselves, they are creating a stable base to work from, and also helping others understand themselves. This is where the significant benefit will arise from.It is not from one leader, but from the vision and leadership they share, and openly distribute among their peers and subordinates. By allowing individuals all around them to gain the same understanding we are forming a cluster of stability, strength, drive, passion and most importantly a culture which feeds on the outcomes. Question 2 Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive discuss how you can personally reduce damage in your workplace please admit an example. Allport (Allport, 1991) define prejudice as an antipathy based on faulty and inflexible generalization.It may be felt or expressed. It may be enjoin toward a group or an individual of that group. Clawson (Clawson & Bryan, 1990) affirm Prejudice revolve around stro ng feelings prejudices thrive in the context of the past and begin to swag in the light of new and broader experience. Avoiding address prejudice its to ignore a significant factor in the organizations chance for success. Banaji (Banaji, et al. , 2003) argue that prejudice arises from the ordinary and unconscious tendency to make associations it is distinct from conscious forms of prejudice, such as overt racism or sexism.Banaji (Banaji, et al. , 2003) identify the prejudice in * Implicit Prejudice bias that emerges from unconscious beliefs * In-group favoritism bias that favor your group * Over-claiming credit bias that favors you Human are not free from prejudice and they are built during the life. The prejudice is created by the environment, media, parents therefore everybody is biased against a group, developed some stereotyping and difficulties in judging other and make decision that are driven by unconscious biases.These flawed judgments are ethically problematic and undermin e managers fundamental work to recruit and retain superior talent, boost the performance of individuals and teams, and collaborate effectively with partners (Banaji, et al. , 2003). To reduce biases and prejudice organization must develop strategic learning program that partially helps but especially they must work in favor of prejudice elimination. Prejudice against a group can be removed coaching and mentoring people to work together to better get each other and removing the biases.About prejudice I can give some example from my experience in organization where I worked. When I joined an Italian retail company I was not well accepted by the supervisor and my abetter _or_ abettors. Surely because of my nationality. As Benaji identify, I was victim of an in-group and unconscious bias. There were commenting and public lecture at my back of what I can contribute with the company, some were curious if I have knowledge appropriate to work in the company so they were keep on asking al l about me.Being categorized as part of a group that in majority was making low cleverness works, the first year I really had hard time and I had to work more than others to demonstrate my knowledge, skills and remove the prejudice. Besides, I developed a dodge to share more work and project with the colleagues showing them other way to achieve the result and improve the outcome and allow the organization to increase them revenue. In one of the project, I lead and liaised with a Chinese company to get a partnership contract.In that situation, I started highlighting the cultural difference and gathering facts of biases that my colleague were having. Showing them that their beliefs were not true and they were having unconscious biases brought them to see the difference and deal with the biases. In that case making them aware of unconscious biases and beliefs brought them to act in different way and also let them understand the reason of past failure on dealing with Chinese company. I n conclusion people are born(p) without biases and prejudice but during the life we develop them based on the environment we are exposed.Prejudices are not easy to be eradicated but an organization must will to change and integrate diversity and remove the prejudice. Bibliography Allport, G. , 1991. The nature of prejudice. Political Psycology, Volume 12, pp. 125-157. Banaji, M. R. , Bazerman, M. H. & Chugh, D. , 2003. How (Un)Ethical Are You?. Harvard Business Review, yield R0312D, pp. 97-106. Clawson, J. G. & Bryan, S. , 1990. Prejudice in Organizations. university of Virginia Dareen Business Publication, Issue UVA-OB-0381. Clawson, J. & McNay, E. , 2000. Leadership Steps Assessment (LSA). Darden, Issue Rev. 11/01. Goleman, D. , 2000.Leadership That Gets Results. Harvard Business Review, Volume R0024, pp. 78-90. Holmes, S. , 2012. Leadership and Motivation Training. Online Available at http//www. leadership-and-motivation-training. com/leadership-self-assessment. html Accessed 1 2 February 2013. Kaplan, Robert S. , 2007. What to ask the person in the mirror. Harvard Business Review. Oncken, W. & Wass, D. , 1999. Management Time Whos Got the Monkey. Harvard Business Review, Volume 11. Runn, G. , 2011. Self Evaluation in Leadership. Online Available at http//garyrunn. com/2011/08/17/self-evaluation-inleadership/ Accessed 15 2 2013.

Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON INDUSTRY Individual Project BEng AE3082 PIYUM CHATHURANGA PALLIYAGURUGE K0920258 25/11/2011 Marked By Dr Andy Lung Contents Introduction2 Objectives3 Deliverables4 Literature Review (Findings up to date)5 1. General environmental issues and statute laws5 2. environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials6 3. Aerospace link up environmental legislations and issues. 7 Gantt Chart9 handling10 Reference11 Bibliography11 Appendix11 Introduction The developing of the populace around us has been increasing rapidly in many atomic number 18as during the past years.As a result of the development the human lifestyle has become easier and efficient. Unfortunately these benefits from development go for come at a price, the price been environmental contamination. The developing process affects the environmental stability of the world in many different ship canal such as climate change, global warming and healt h hazards. With the intention of preventing or minimizing these negative effects, governments and early(a)(a) ordaineds render brought forward many environmental regulations. These regulations have an influence on our daily lifestyle and on how industries operate.The history of environmental regulations in Europe goes back to the 19th century when the industrial revolution took place. In 1972 European officials introduced environmental policies with 3 main objectives. The main objectives were to prevent and reduce environmental damage, to support environmental stability and to balance the use of natural elections. Since thence the environmental policies has been changing and affecting many industries around the globe. Some main industries include the building industry, automotive industry, manufacturing industry and aura industry.Different industries handle environmental regulations victimisation different approaches and the specific impact on the industry differs from one t o other. Although the impact on the industries differ the general out comes by enforcing regulations leave remain the alike(p). It is critical to disembodied spirit in to the bigger picture of global environmental protection rather than just concentrating on minor drawbacks which can occurs during the protection process. EU environmental Policies,2006 environmental regulations also have a significant effect on the general public.It is suitable to state that environmental policies have changed almost every aspect of our lives. at once to a greater extent(prenominal) and more than people consider been eco-friendly which can be seen from their decision making. in that respect is a direct link between the public and the industries. If the industries introduce more eco-friendly products the public will appreciate them and will consume, the best example for this is the hybrid car. This scenario also works the other way around if the public insist to have more efficient and eco-f riendly products the industry will fulfil their needs.By making this connection stronger it will be easy to restore environmental stability and maintain it with little aggravation. Industries have taken many steps to minimise pollution and to prevent forthcoming pollution. This undertaking will look in to the environmental impact on the aviation (aerospace) industry and how it will affect the future of the industry and it will also investigate where the aviation industry stands presently when it comes to environmental regulations. Aviation pollution is highly experienced in and around airports.This is the reason why I alloted this specific fox. My future plan is to study further on Airport provision and Management furthermore my ambition is to work for my country Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is a developing country which has less experience on the subject of environmental pollution which is a nonher reason for me to select this switch. Objectives In order to make the progression of t he project easy, the project is carried out in three main stages. This will also process to be on track according to the project plan these three stages atomic number 18 illustrated as following.Stage 1 This stage helps to get an idea on what the project is re tout ensembley about and gives an idea what to expect in the future. Stage one mainly involves general broad reading. Objectives for stage one is as follows. * Planning the project * What is environmental pollution about * The history of the regulations established to protect the environment * Critical analysis of environmental regulations * How environmental regulations effect the general public * environmental regulations and different industries * Future of the regulations * Introductions to aviation and environmental regulations * Any other general readingStage 2 The stage twain helps to build up own opinions and gain more information on the actual subject. One other main objective in stage two is to think about possi ble industrys for the project. The objectives for stage two is as follows. * Altering the project plan if needed * Regulations on the aviation industry * How the industry act according to the regulations * How different is the aviation industry when comp ard to other industries * Building up an own opinion on the subject * Possible applications for the project * Report submission (the planning cross)Stage 3 This is the final stage of the project where the possible application is developed found on own opinions of the subject. The reading done in this stage should be more condition on the subject. By doing research it is important to do an in-depth analysis of specific subject data. By stage three the application of the project should be specifying a particular subject, if the application is too general or talks about many issues it will be hard to reach to a conclusion for the project. The objectives for stage three argon as follows. * In-depth reading on specified subject are a (aviation) Working on one specific application * Coming to a conclusion based on the specified application * Presentation on the project * Report submission (final report) Deliverables General aim of the project was briefly explained earlier in the introduction. If it is to be recapped again, the general aim is to evaluate the impact by environmental legislations on the aerospace industry. For this particular topic on that point can be many end applications since it is a broad subject area, in that respectfore it is important to narrow the subject matters into a one specified section and continue with the application.By the age the application is completed there will be some deliverables. To explain the deliverables a probable application is used. The application used here might not be exactly the same as the final application of the project since it is only an initial application. Application Air Traffic (aviation) and environmental legislation What will be looked into? (What will be found out during the project? ) * How airlines operate (in the EU and Global) * Growth of the air transport * What is the impact What is the attitude from the airlines towards the regulations * Environmental damage including the present past and future * What will be the future for the aviation under the regulation * Comparison aviation to other industries (environmental aspects) * Some other points ( manufacture of aircrafts/economy/other connect pollutions) * Finally criticizing the analysis with the own opinion Deliverables change according to a selected application. One other possible application that can be use is to look in to the manufacturing of aircrafts, materials used and how waste is treated according to environmental legislations.In order to gain all the mentioned deliverables the project should be at the end of stage three as stated in the objectives. Since this project is still at stage two the deliverables might change as the project progresses. Literature Review (Findings up to date) The initial literature brush up was done in three categories which are, 1. General (any industry other than aerospace) environmental issues and legislations. 2. Environmental legislations and issue on manufacturing industry and materials. 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues.This way of reading was used to make sure that a broad general knowledge is gained on environmental subjects before stepping in to the specified topic. 1. General environmental issues and legislations History of the environmental policies, legislations and organisations EU Environmental Policies,2006 As mentioned earlier in the introduction the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first brought forward official policies in 1973. Up to now 5 major regulation changes were done by the EPA. Changes were done to address current environmental issues which existed during specific times.EPA gatherings during the past years is as following, * 1st EPA 1973 Made rules t o save water, air and soil. Since it was the first EPA many other spic-and-span rules were established. * 2nd EPA (1977-1981) Did not publish any new regulation. It was held to review the progress of the first EPA. * 3rd EPA (1982-1986) Discussion on the impact of environmental legislations and economy. Emission rules and how to effectively get rid of waste. * 4th EPA (1987-1992) Increasing the general property of the regulations. Introducing taxing and sacking permits.Discussion on waste cycles. Analysing impacts on the economy caused by environmental regulations. Discussion on climate changes. * Last EPA up to date (1997-2003) substitute of emission standards. * Nest EPA climate change, natural resources, recycling etc. A critical analysis of EU environmental legislations EU Environmental Policies,2006 * Environmental regulations change all the time. * In some cases environmental regulations has an influence on economy. * It has been 30 year from the beginning of the EPA and still they are unable to complete some projects.Natural resource use has been change magnitude and destruction of natural habitats has also increased. * The laws are not effective and regulations are not accessible for the public. The public should be educated more about pollution. Construction industry and environmental impact Natural Building Technology,2011 * The construction industry induce 7% (from the total) carbon dioxide in the UK. Using of buildings induce 50% carbon dioxide. * Getting rid of the waste is a major issue faced by the construction industry. * Construction industry requires natural resources such as wood. This leads to environmental pollution. Most of the natural resources are taken from China, India and South East Asia, therefore the damage is not directly done to the county where buildings are constructed. Environmental legislation impact on the automotive industry The Open University,2003 * First emission standards were introduced in 1959 for carbon mo noxide and hydrocarbon emission. * Most of the world use emission testing for vehicles. * The regulations are tight on the diesel engine use. * Due to the regulations engine life span is getting less and new designs are introduced frequently. * Regulations has changed customer point of view.They are looking for more efficient engines with less noise for a reasonable price. * Due to the hybrid and electric vehicles the future of the diesel engine is not promising. 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials Environmental Materials UK philia for Materials Education, 2011 * Stages of material usage include extraction, production, product design and disposal. * The subject environmental materials look in to the material structure, chemical substance and physical properties. Other than that it also looks in to the stintingal point of view. Picture below shows the lifecycle of a material Diagram 01, Life Cycle Analysis UK Centre for Materials Educ ation, 2011 The impact of environmental regulations on the UK manufacturing sector Nottingham University, 2011 * In a country the economy and environmental pollution is not proportional if that country has proper regulations. * menstruation regulations act as a helping hand towards the development. * Some regulations are not helping innovation. * More flexible regulations are good for the economy. * UK manufactures always select the short term regulations. * Many companies now use materials with produce less waste. . Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. Growth of aviation Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Since 2006 the growth has been 30% and it will double by 2020. The growth from 1995 to 2015 is nearly 300%. * Aviation has the highest growth rate of all modern transport methods. * Global revenue passenger kilometres (RPK) increased by a factor of 4. 6 (since 1970-1995). RPK growth for different regions are- North the States 27. 5%/Europe 12. 5%/America to Euro pe 11%/ Asia to America to Europe 12. 7/rest of the world 36. 5%. But by today Asia (china and India) has the highest RPK due to the rapid development. By 2015 310 million passengers will go with UK airports (in 1995 it was 126 million). Noise pollution by aviationProfessor John Whitelegg ,2000 * The noise pollution is commonly experienced around the airports. Officials claims that the noise footprint of the UK airports has gone down, merely complaints from the public against the new terminal 5 in Heathrow airport proved that claim was wrong. * In Netherland noise pollution by aircrafts is 12%. * UK officials claim that the number of people opened to noise pollution has rapidly gone down, but Germany had done an investigation on the same matter and came up with a different claim.They stated that there is an increase in the number of people who are exposed. * Noise pollution effects human health in many different ways. Pollution by aircraft emission Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Gasses which pollute the environment carbon monoxide/ nitrogen oxides/ ozone / particulate matter (PM)/ volatile organic compounds (VOC)/ sulphur dioxide. * UK officials claim that aviation pollution is insignificant, but US data for Zurich and Stockholm airports show that aviation emission pollution is significant in well-defined geographical area. Table below shows the Heathrow airport yearbook emission data Diagram 02, Heathrow airport annual emission Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Prediction shows that by 2050 carbon dioxide will increase by 588% and nitrogen Oxide by 411%. * Aircraft emission at upper troposphere and lower stratosphere can cause serious climate change problems. Policy measures and management in aviation Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * There are fewer regulations for the aviation industry when compared to other industries. * Aviation industry should also follow regulations as other industries do. Current environmental regulations on aviation are out dated . * Aircraft fuel is not under any taxing. * To control pollution it is important to manage the transport demand. * If a new regulation is introduces it should be introduced step by step. All the above mentioned points are from initial literature review. These data are brief descriptions obtained from broad reading. More detailed data are available in the log book. Gantt Chart The time period from 29/09/11 to 25/11/11 represents the stage one and two from the objectives.By the time this report is completed this section will be completed. Stage one and two has only got four slots allocated and it is only a quarter of the total slots available. This shows that the total of work which has to be done in stage 3 is comparatively high. The time allocation for specified reading, preparation for the final report and project seminar report and poster submission is relatively high. These are very important tasks of the project therefore they are going to consume more time relative to other t asks. The third stage starts on the 26/11/11 and it ends on 26/04/12.Note A full sized Gantt chart is attached in the appendix. Discussion The initial literature review shows general connections and areas where environment regulations have failed to achieve the required results. The regulations have been there for almost 30 years now but still most of the issues are not completely solved. Greenhouse gas emission has considerably decreased during the past years, but the rate of decline is not that impressive. The natural resource use has also rapidly increased up to a point where the general public can note the effects of it.It is fresh to say that the world is in desperate need of finding alternative sustainable energy methods to survive in the future. There is a hidden rightfulness behind the use of natural resource by developed countries. Most of the developed countries have limited their natural resource use but in order to fulfil their needs, natural resources are imported f rom other developing countries. This may seem great on the developed countries side but what they do not realise is the fact that negative effects from harvesting natural resources (no matter where it comes from) is going to be global.By going through the data I feel like the environmental regulations has gone easy on the aviation industry when compared to other industries. Best example for this is the fact that automotive emission percentages are declining trance aircraft emissions are on the rise. As an excuse for this most officials (mainly in the UK) compares data from 30 years back and claims, there is a drop in emission levels, but what they are not doing is, comparing data with other industries. If the emission is compared with other industries it will be glaringly obvious that more work should be done on aircraft emission standards.One main reason for the slackness towards the environmental regulation on aviation industry is that aircraft traffic only contributes a beautif ul percentage towards the total pollution of the planet. But this claim is not that accurate, it doesnt take in to account the manufacturing process of aircrafts, natural resources used in the process and vehicle emissions due to airport traffic. Emission is not the only environmental problem caused by aviation, noise pollution is another main issue caused by aviation. New research shows that exposition to high noise levels can cause serious damage to people.People who are continually exposed to high noise levels are more likely to gain noise related health issues, due to this fact living near airports can be a prime reason for health hazards. Likewise there are many unsolved problems involving the environmental pollution and aircraft industry. More details regarding issues and practical solutions for the issues will be researched and criticised in the near stage of this project. Furthermore an appropriate application will also be used to narrow the subject in order to make it more specific.Reference * EU Environmental Policies, 2006 A short history of the policy strategies. Online Available at http//www. eeb. org/publication/chapter-3. pdf Last accessed 20th Oct 2011 * Natural Building Technology, 2011 Environmental Impact. Online Available at http//www. natural-building. co. uk/environmental_impact. html Last accessed 30th Sep 2011 * The Open University, 2003 Environmental legislation as a driver of design. Online Available at http//oro. open. ac. uk/13233/1/13233. df Last accessed 3th Oct 2011 * UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011 Environmental Materials. Online Available at http//www. materials. ac. uk/guides/environmental. asp Last accessed 24th Oct 2011 * Nottingham University, 2011 The Impact of Environmental Regulations.. Online Available at http//www. nottingham. ac. uk/business/lizrr1_Profrep. pdf Last accessed 26th Oct 2011 * Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 Aviation the social, economic and environmental impact of flying Online Available at http//www. reco. org/air10. pdf Last accessed 27th Oct 2011 Bibliography * The Economic Impact of Environmental Regulation (Page 1) (http//web. mit. edu/polisci/mpepp/Reports/Econ%20Impact%20Enviro%20Reg. pdf) * Carbon Capture & Storage (http//www. scottish-enterprise. com//media/SE/Resources/Documents/ABC/Carbon-capture-and-storage-opportunities-for-Scotland. ashx) * Environmental law (http//www. ukela. org/rte. asp? id=14) Appendix

Life Goes on

Fundamentals of Public Speaking 101-1 Professor Victoria Nabors emailprotected edu ASSIGNMENT Persuasive Speech 5 to 8 minutes DUE realizeSee Syllabus GRADE POINTS140 converts to 15% of your overall grade EVALUATIONGrading Rubric distributed and posted on Blackboard Typed Full designate Outline Draft is due one class prior to your assigned presentation date. Partial handwritten schemas will not be accepted at all. Students MAY NOT present a speech without an approved outline. *If you are absent on the day your outline is due, you moldiness submit it to my office (give to the segment secretary in room 2519), or via Email.To earn credit for this outline, absent scholarly persons must contact me on the date the assignment was due. Attire Requirement (Ethos) Professional organize is mandatory for this final exam speech presentation. 5-point penalty for violations. Speakers will select their speaking order on the same day outline drafts are due. initial come, first serve You will sign up on the white board The purpose of this speech is to persuade your targeted audience to accept your views on an issue. flirt with that your credibility plays an important role in persuading audiences as such, you must deal with oppositional arguments in a fair and convincing way.Good persuaders do not ignore the opposition, nor do they simply attack the opposition, they engage oppositions logical arguments in an even-handed way. BASIC REQUIREMENTS In addition to persuading your audience to support your views, the persuasive speech must satisfy the following requirements Controversial Topic Selection Persuasive topics can range from the general arguments that seek to influence healthier eating, to more controversial neighborly issues of abortion, immigration, and gay right.Your job is to first convince your audience that there is a problem through informative speaking and then, to propose a solution to the problem. strong suit You are attempting to weaken your audience mem bers support for the opposing case. You need to develop reasonable and ethical arguments that are designed to sway audience members who may ab initio disagree with your position. Time The speech should run 5 to 8 minutes. Speakers will be given a 30 second grace period sooner time limit penalties are applied. Presentation grades with be lowered by 2. 5 point for every 30 seconds under or over the mete out time limits.Thats 5 point per minute Notes You must deliver the speech extemporaneously. That means, the speech should not be memorized or scripted. Memorize the sequences of each dent only You may put a words outline of your speech on standard note cards or use a delivery outline. However, you should NOT read or rely heavily on these notes. Know your material Sources You must orally cite a minimum of five sources in the body of the speech. Three of your sources must be available in print (in other words, you can only cite two web sources Wikipedia is not acceptable).Each stu dent will conduct an in-class audience analysis that will count as one citation. Your evidence and proof should clearly support your arguments and be audience centered. I suggest you include a variety of evidence (statistics, examples, testimony, etc. ) Visual Aid If you use a visual aid to help the audience attend key points, it must meet the requirement for using visual aids. On the Presentation Date You must submit oA fully annotated outline with a bibliography page. The outline and bibliography page will be graded (outline10 points, bibliography 5 points). Your speakers note cards or speakers outline must be approved before approaching the podium. Speaking notes that do not meet the required skeleton outline format will not be allowed at the podium. NO EXCEPTIONS Attire (Ethos) Professional attire is mandatory for this final exam speech presentation. Remember every aspect of your presentation will help you to put in credibility this includes your physical appearance. Failure t o dress appropriately for this final speech will result in a 10 point deduction of the overall grade.

Alfred Wallace

The scientific understanding of life has been shaped with the guidance of intellect breakthroughs in history. One of these breakthroughs Is Alfred Russell Wallace (1823-1913), a British internalist born in Monotheistic, England who gained a reputation of immenseness upon exploration of Malay Archipelago. Unlike other great Intellects Like Charles Darwin, Wallace had dropped his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to start providing for his family as a carpenter.Later In life Wallace acquires a job at the collegial school of Leister teaching, and it is here that he tests Henry Walter Bates, a naturalist who sparks Wallachs interest in nature. Alfred Russell Wallace is known to have advocate the the theory of intelligent evolution and co-discover natural selection alongside Charles Dawn. This theory suggests that evolution is purely built for utility and only occurs when changes are necessary for survival and purposeful. Wallace bring throughs a letter to Darwin stating his the ory, and clearly impacts him to write Origin of Species.Wallace becomes a spiritualist In 1860 and began to believe In theology. Wallachs new beliefs lead him to fend scientific explanations of human Intelligence and Instead believe that teleology was the until nowt of evolution. The theory of intelligent evolution was widely accepted alongside Drawings by the science community up until Wallachs belief of spirituality developed. Although the theories of Darwin and Wallace are very similar, and were even viewed as the same in Darnings eyes, the difference between the two is that Darwin wasnt afraid to publish his and Wallace was.Public opinion of unorthodox theories of evolution at the time were very virulent and close-minded, but publication of these risky theories gave the public an opportunity to open up to modern thinking. The Intelligent mind of Alfred Wallace had been opened up to naturalism through the readings of numerous Influential works. Controversial pedantic publish ing Like Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and Constitution of Man by George Combo suggested to the public that the environment most man is responsible for hang.More readings such as Charles Lyes Principles of Geology helped Wallace realize that mankind had the potential to change, thus sparking his curiosity and drive to understanding. Alfred Wallace By radicand breakthroughs in history. One of these breakthroughs is Alfred Russell Wallace reputation of immenseness upon exploration of Malay Archipelago. Unlike other great intellects like Charles Darwin, Wallace had dropped his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to start providing for his family as a carpenter.Later in life Wallace acquires a Job at the Collegiate school of Leister teaching, and it is here that he spiritualist in 1860 and began to believe in theology. Wallachs new beliefs lead him to reject scientific explanations of human intelligence and instead believe that The intelligent mind of Alfred Wallace had been opened up to naturalism through the readings of numerous influential works. Controversial academic publishing like Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and Constitution of Man by George

Impact of War, Conflict & Terrorism on the UPS Essay

If there is a warfarefare and NATO decides that the UK needs to provide direct army action then the British force will welcome to be prepared. War affects the army as an organisation because it means they will lose soldiers and ingest to retrain new ones. An example of this would be the encounter of Nimrod XV230 which killed everyone on board, that highlighted the cost-pressure of the war. The training and recruiting of troops is expensive enough unless to ever sustain the high gist of soldiers that is required in a war such as Afghanistan it comes with great financial struggles, some soldiers have even had to do multiple tours in Afghanistan. Financial cuts are good getting more surd as well, in 2010 there were 102,000 trained personnel ready to support the UK but by the yr 2020 there is only deprivation to be 82,000. With this come more struggle and a more unrelenting battle for both soldier fighting in a war in the future. Providing soldiers for a war also puts strai n on welfare officers as they are the ones who have to fix with helping the wounded, suffer families and children who have lost fathers.Because the UK have had to provide such a strong army for many years now and have lost so practically funding it means that they cant abide to keep on anyone who is badly injured and those who claim compensation will not receive anything come out what they may have in the past, this will directly affect the economy as these injured soldiers may not be able to return to a civilian job and will claim benefits. The war in Afghanistan caused the army to be equipped with a lot of new high tech equipment in a really short space of quantify, this meant they had to operate and maintain this equipment which weighs down logistics and is very costly in the long run. It seems that the more war the UK Army has to deal with the more money it is costing them, and with that comes setbacks and redundancies. This could consort to a lack of morale from the se rvice men and women as they are being asked to do more but for fewer advantages.Another key issue from personnel at war besides physical injuries would be the mental damage they suffer. Statistics from the MOD show that between April and June 2013 there was 1367 new cases ofpersonnel suffering with a mental disorder in the Armed Forces, putting them at the highest amount of mental disorder sufferers than any of the other services. Thats just within a three month period, and with Afghanistan tours running every vi or ninth months it just seems that number will rapidly heighten. Overall it seems the main impact the British Army suffers from when it comes to War is the financial cut backs. They are expected to do so much and constantly provide strong soldiers yet they arent seeing much in return. CONFLICTConflict undercuts or destroys environmental, physical, homo and social capital, destroying all available opportunities for a sustainable development. So saying that makes it clear t hat it is going to directly affect the well-being of the British Army because it results in the loss of lives and in some cases human rights. It is said that the British Army has been involved in some form of deviation for around light speed years now, so you could almost say its just part of the job and something you have to deal with. But similar to war, conflict has its effects, mentally and physically. There is a thin line between what makes a war and what makes a conflict therefore the effects are very similar, just the effects of a war would be on a much larger scale.Constant conflict is a essence for the UK army as it takes time away from training and puts pressure on troops to be displace out on a mission before they are ready. In some cases soldiers only have 6 months training before they are deployed somewhere, whereas others take part in training for a much longer period in time before sent anywhere. Conflict will also emergence the stress levels within the British a rmy which can lead to more serious problems such as extreme physical and emotional exhaustion. There is also the obvious factor that conflict can lead to war if it gets out of hand, which then would lead back to all the affects war has on the Army. Overall it seems that conflict affects the British Army in the exact same ways that a War does however just not on such a grand scale. TERRORISMTerrorism directly affects the British Army as they have to actively engage in counter-terrorism operations across the world. The main reason the British Army sends troops out to Afghanistan is to get release of the Taliban regime and Al Qaeda, a well-known terrorist organisation. The British Armyenforces anti-terrorism alongside providing humanitarian aid. Not only does the British Army have to get rid of Al Qaeda but they also have to make sure they cannot return, this is a tough and time consuming task that has seen the death of many service personnel.Referencehttp//www.bbc.co.uk/news/15212871 https//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ blame/285196/30_june_2013.pdf http//www.unep.org/dewa/Africa/publications/AEO-2/content/203.htm http//www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/operations-deployments.aspx http//www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Your_Guide_to_the_Intelligence_Corps.pdf

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 12

Its going to be a lovely day perfect for a picnic, Meredith observed calmly. comme il faut had tactful y only firmly steered Celia into Matts car instead of Merediths, and so Meredith was alone with Alaric at ex xd for the first age since hed arrived. Half of her plainly wanted to pul off the road, overtake Alaric, and kiss him and kiss him, she was so glad that he was final y here. Al through the insanity of the last few months, shed wished that he were there to fight by her side, to depend on. But the other half of her wanted to pul off the road, grab Alaric, and demand that he explain to her exactly what his relationship was with Dr. Celia Connor.Instead, here she was, driving pl back breakerly, hands at ten and two on the steering wheel, making smal talk close the weather. She felt like a coward, and Meredith Suarez was no coward. But what could she say? What if she was only if paranoid, and making a ridiculous fuss about a rigorously professional relationship?She glanc ed at Alaric out of the corner of her eye.So she said. Tel me more about your research in Japan.Alaric ran his hands through his already tousled hair and grinned at her. The trip was fascinating, he said. Celias so intel igent and experienced. She just puts to pass waterher al these clues about a civilization. It was a real eye-opener for me to watch her decipher so more from the evidence in the graves there. I never knew much about forensic anthropology before, exclusively she was competent to reconstruct an amazing amount about the culture of Unmei no Shima.Sounds like shes simply amazing, Meredith said, hearing the acid in her tone.Apparently Alaric didnt notice it. He smiled a little. It took quite a while for her to take my tele highwayic research seriously, he said rueful y. Parapsychology isnt particularly wel regarded by the experts in other scientific disciplines. They estimate people like me who choose to spend their lives studying the supernatural are charlatans, or naive. Or a little crazy.Meredith made herself speak pleasantly. You were able to change over her at last, though? Thats good.Sort of, Alaric answered. We got to be friends, anyway, so she stopped thinking I was a complete fraud. I think shes found it al a lot more believable after the one day shes spent here, though. He gave a wry smile. She tried to hide it, but she was blown away yesterday when Stefan saved her. The existence of a vampire makes it clear that theres a lot conventional science knows nothing about. Im sure shel want to find out Stefan if hel let her.I would imagine so, said Meredith dryly, resisting the urge to ask Alaric why he conception Stefan would meet when he had seemed so displeased that Alaric had told Celia about him.Alaric slid a hand across the car seat until he was close enough to run a finger gently along Merediths arm. I learned a lot while I was gone, he said earnestly, but Im real y more relate about whats going on right now in Fel s Church.You mean this lowering john that is supposedly rising here? Meredith asked.I mean the dark magic that seems to be targeting you and Celia, Alaric said forcible y. Im not sure either of you is taking it seriously enough.Me and Celia, archetype Meredith. Hes just as worried about her as he is about me. Maybe more.I know weve faced danger in the past, but I feel responsible for Celia, Alaric went on. I brought her here, and Id never be able to forgive myself if something happened to her. Definitely more, Meredith thought bitterly, and shrugged off Alarics hand.She instantly regretted the motion. What was the matter with her? This wasnt who she was. Shed always been the calm, rational one. Now here she was feeling like, wel , like a jealous girlfriend.And now its threatening you, too, Alaric went on. He tentatively touched her knee, and this time Meredith let his hand bank check. Meredith, I know how strong you are. But its terrifying to me that this doesnt seem to be the kind of enemy were used to. How set up we fight what we cant withal see?Al we can do is be vigilant, Meredith said. Her training had been comprehensive, but even she didnt understand this new evil. Yet she knew how to protect herself much better than Alaric realized. She glanced at him out of the corner of her eye. His window was open a crack, and the breeze ruffled his sandy hair. They knew each other so wel , yet he stil didnt know her biggest secret. For a moment she considered tel ing him, but then he turned to her and said, Celias putting on a brave face, but I can tel shes scared. Shes not as tough as you are.Meredith stiffened. No, this wasnt the right time to tel Alaric that she was a hunter-slayer. Not when she was driving. Not when she was this angry. Suddenly his hand felt heavy and clammy on her knee, but she knew she couldnt push it off again without betraying her feelings. Inside, though, she was raging at how the conversation kept coming back to Celia. Alaric had thought of her first. And even when he was talking about the danger to Meredith, he couched it in terms of what had happened to Celia. Alarics voice became a buzz in the background as Meredith clutched the steering wheel so tightly her knuckles whitened. substantial y, why was she surprised that Alaric had feelings for Celia? Meredith wasnt blind. She could be objective. Celia was smart, accomplished, beautiful. Celia and Alaric were in the same place in their lives. Meredith hadnt even started col ege yet. She was magnetic she knew that and certainly intel igent. But Celia was al that and more She was Alarics equal in a way Meredith couldnt be just yet. Sure, Meredith was a vampire hunter. But Alaric didnt know that. And when he did know, would he admire her strength? Or would he turn away from her, scared of her abilities, and toward someone more academic, like Celia?A black bubble of ill fil ed Merediths chest.Im beginning to think I should take Celia away from here if I can get her to leav e. Alaric sounded reluctant, but Meredith could hardly hear him. She felt as cold as if she were being enveloped in a fog. Maybe I should get her back to Boston. I think you should leave Fel s Church, too, Meredith, if you can convince your family to let you go away for the rest of the summer. You could come with us, or maybe theres a relative you could stay with if your family wouldnt like that. Im worried that you arent safe here.Nothings happened to me yet, said Meredith, surprised by the calm of her own voice, when such dark emotions were boiling inside her. And I have a responsibility to be here and protect the town. If you think Celia wil be safer away from here, do what you and she think is best. But you know theres no guarantee that whatevers threatening us wont fol ow her somewhere else. And at least here there are people who believe in the danger.Besides, she added serious-minded y, the threat to Celia may be over. Maybe once the attack is averted, it moves on to someone else. My name didnt protrude until after Stefan saved Celia. If so, then the danger is only to me.Not that you care, she thought viciously, and was surprised at herself. Of campaign Alaric cared. It was just that he seemed to care about what happened to Celia more.Her fingernails cut into her palms around the steering wheel as she overcareful y fol owed Stefans car off the road and toward the parking lot for Hot Springs.Stop Alaric shouted, panic in his voice, and Meredith automatical y slammed on the brakes. The car squealed to a halt.What? Meredith gasped. What is it?And then she saw her.Dr. Celia Connor had gotten out of Matts car to cross to the path up to the springs. Meredith had come speeding right toward her. Only inches from Merediths front bumper, Celia was frozen, her pretty face gray with fear, her let loose a perfect O.One more second, and Meredith would have kil ed her.

Move and Position Individuals in Accordance Essay

Learning stunnedcomes in that location argon six learning outcomes to this unit-1. witness anatomy and physiology in similarity to woful and status privates 2. Understand current legislation and agreed ways of functional when travel and positioning mortals 3. Be able to belittle luck beforehand moving and positioning individuals 4. Be able to prep be individuals before moving and positioning 5. Be able to move and position an individual6. Know when to seek advice from and/or involve others when moving and positioning an individualQuestion- (1.1)Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of catch up with moving and positioning of individualsAnswerThe study of the human body is divided into twain sections called anatomy and physiology. shape is the study of the structure or parts that make up the body, whilst the physiology is concerned with their function of cells, tissues and organs of the alimentation organism. The anatomy and physiology of thehuman body explains that muscles argon attached to the skeleton. They work like hinges or levers to pull or move particular joints when a muscle contracts, pulling the joint in the direction it is designed to move. separate of muscles move antagonistically, that is, when one contracts, its opposite member relaxes to allow movement. Muscles cigaret become slack, making movement laggard and more difficult beca drop increasing age and less use of the muscles.(1.1) (Continued)The brain give command in society for the muscles to move. Single nerve cells in the spinal column called motor neurons form a capacious truly thin extension of the single cell, called an axon. When an impulse travels d induce the axon to the muscle, a chemical is released at its ending. Muscles are made of long fibres connected to individually other lengthways by a progress mechanism that allows the two parts of an extension ladder to slide past each other, overlapping each other more, so th at the muscles get shorter and fatter. When the impulses from the nerves stop, the muscle fibres slide back to their original position. In relation to the importance of slouch moving and positioning activities, it makes the muscles not to be fractured. Correct moving and handling or positioning will make the muscles not to strain or sprain.The individual and lotrs will not cognize twinges and discomfort. For example, the elbow and knee joints seduce limited movement trying to extend these joints beyond their s bankrupt can cause painful damage to the joint. Also indigence to learn that elderly people are not as supple as younger people and even if they do not mother movement restriction through a medical condition. They bruise easier too and so great address has to be taken when handling, moving and positioning them especially when assisting them to sit up or when using the lift strap. Failure to follow the care excogitation and any presenting conditions can travel by to causing the individual injury, pain and discomfort. It whitethorn in like manner lead to legal action being raised.Question- (1.2)Describe the impact of specific conditions on the correct movement and positioning of an individualAnswerthither are a number of conditions that can impact on moving and positioning of individuals, these accept arthritis, Parkinsons disease, cerebral palsy,stroke and amputation of limbs. Below are some of the problems that may occur with such conditions. Arthritis Arthritis suffers will often have stiff and painful joints and oft a limited range of movement within the affected area. Parkinsons disease Parkinsons suffers may have limb rigidity and slower reaction times. Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy suffers may have contracted muscles and/or joints that may lead to rigid limbs. Stroke Stroke can lead to a permanent weakening down one side of the body, for instance one arm or leg stronger than the other. This aims to be taken into account when we ight bearing or moving as to avoid putting unnecessary pres certain on the weak side. Amputees Loss of a limb, be it all upper or lower can affect people ability to move independently so care must be taken to when moving people with amputated limbs. Support worker communication is very important in order to correctly moving and positioning the service drug substance abuser with any of the in a higher place condition.Question- (2.1)Describe how current legislation and agreed ways of working affect working practices related to moving and positioning individualsAnswerLegislation that is relevant includes the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations which introduced the fatality for risk mind, risks when moving and positioning individuals must be assessed, acted on and reviewed. Also all faculty must be trained in moving and positioning individuals. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) introduced the requirement for employers to provide li fting equipment that is safe to use and maintained and staff must likewise be provided with training. The Manual handling Operations Regulations for employer states that they must film out risk assessments for all moves and reduce the risk of injuries from happening and avoid dangerous moving and handling.The employees responsibilities include using all equipment as trained to do so, follow all wellness and safety working practices and avoid putting themselves or other staff, Individuals or visitors at risk, reporting any hazards or risks to their employer. hold ways of working mean that employers must have workplace policies and procedures for moving and handling these must be explained to staff and staff provided with training and supervision. It is also important that all employees, read theseprocedures, if they do not understand ask, that they attend training, are supported with understanding all individuals needs, the moves needed and all equipment being apply.Question- (2 .2)Describe what health and safety factors need to be taken into account when moving and positioning individuals and any equipment used to do thisAnswerI would only move a mortal if I have been trained to do so. I would check the persons care plan to see if the person has any preferences or needs before performing the move. I would wear appropriate foot wear when I move a person to avoid risk of being impose on _or_ oppressed e.g. when using a hoist I must not wear open shoes or saddles. I also do a manual risk assessment before performing any move. I do not use any equipment that I have not been trained to use and I check I have room to carry out the move.Equipment needs to be checked that it is working correctly e.g. hoist is charged/equipment is clean and not damaged. transmittance control is important and wearing PPE. I would ask the persons agreement before the move and make sure Im using correct equipment e.g. the correct sling for the person and that it is safe to use and clean. When sunk with sling I would store it safely away to avoid accidents or it being used on someone else.Question- (3.3)Identify any immediate risks to the individualAnswerRisks can occur every daytime which is why it is important to always check to identify the risks straight away and try to correct it bear it is the wires are hanging down on the bed which could be a risk if the hoist gets confine on them, or even if the sling you are using has a tear in the seam. No matter how small the risk is if you dont correct it straight away it could lead to a massive risk. You should also have a risk assessment in place which may need to be transfigured.Question- (3.4)Describe actions to take in relation to identified risksAnswerWhen I come crossways risks before moving and positioning an individual my actions will depend on what they are. If there are risks in the environment from hazards that I can move like an item on the floor then I will do so with the individuals agreement but if there is a risk in terms of the equipment Im using if it is faulty or from the individual it may be that I think they are unwell or a I see a change in their behaviour then I would not carry out the move but number one would report the risks to my line manager and seek advice.The equipment if faulty is removed from the immediate area and an out of order sign placed on it until it is replaced to make others aware that it is not working or safe to use. If procedures are not followed correctly then there is a greater risk to everyone involved client, care staff and family. Injuries can result due to poor practise by not following the care plan or using lifting equipment incorrectly. Clients can be traumatised by poor and lose confidence in their own abilities and the abilities of the care team.Question- (3.5)Describe what action should be taken if the individuals wishes conflict with their plan of care in relation to health and safety and their risk assessmentAnswerSometimes wo rkplace policies and procedures in relation to moving and handling may conict with someones wishes. For example, some workplaces have choose no-lifting policies which mean that hoists are used for all people but what if a person does not unavoidableness to be hoisted? If dealt with incorrectly, this could leave people feeling unvalued, humiliated, distressed and degraded. You could also nd yourself in trouble, because the reasons basic human rights may have been violated.In order to prevent the conflicts it is my responsibilities to explain their service user what their care plan and risk assessment says, the risks involved and my responsibilities and duty is to only follow the care plan. If the individual still insisted then I would explain that I would need to report this to my line manager. I must also record the risks, the date I identified these and the actions I take.The main reason for allowing the service user to take risk sometimes a person condition can changes and thei r mobility can improve as well as deteriorate. As the conflicts will be reported to the manager and the service user is notified by me (support worker) of the risks associated with their action. If the person wants to do more for themselves, I should encourage this, but also be aware of their limitations are they trying to do too much too soon? If the person refuses to be moved or turned, I should encourage them to move as much as possible by themselves.Question- (5.3)Describe the aid and equipment that may be used for moving and positioningAnswerThere are different back up and equipment that you can use to move and handle service user in moving and positioning. Hoists and slings these are used to move individuals who cannot move themselves from one position to another and the slings come in different sizes and types depending on the spinning top and weight of the individual. Slide boards are used for people who are quite independent and who just need a little support with movin g for example from their bed to a chair or from a chair back to their bed. Lifting handles are used with some individuals to can table service them to sit up in bed independently they hold onto to these to move themselves.Handling smashs are used when an individual might be a little unsteady when getting up and so by holding onto the handles on the belt you can dish out steady the person so that they dont fall over. There also grab handles placed in individuals bathrooms for individuals to be independent when standing up, walking frames with and without wheels can also help individuals move themselves independently.Question- (6.1)Describe when advice and/or assistance should be sought to move or handle an individual safelyAnswerThere should be sucient information provided in a persons moving and risk assessment and mobility support plan regarding the number of people required to safely move or handle somebody safely, along with the equipment that is needed and the best techniques to use. However, there may be occasions when moreover advice and/or assistance will be required, such as when When themanoeuvre is difficult and risky to the health and safety of both the individual and the carer as this is against the law and can cause injuryWhen the wrong equipment is operableWhen the equipment is faulty again against the law and can cause injuries When the individuals care plan indicates that two carers have to assist with a specific manoeuvre and no-one is available When the carer is not sure how to complete the tasks or use the equipment When the individual asks you to carry out the manoeuvre that is outside of the care plan and that may harm them or the carer as we are not allowed to go outside the care plan this will be unsafe for the carers and individual I have not received training for moving and handling equipment.When there is an emergencyQuestion- (6.2)Describe what sources of information are available about moving and positioning individualsAnswerTh ere are lots of different sources of information in my workplace the moving and handling procedures and guidelines about the correct practices to follow, individuals risk assessment and care plans about their needs and practices agreed to follow the individuals and their families can also help with what they find useful. I can also ask my colleagues and manager for information and advice. Sometimes we can also ask other health care professionals such as physiotherapists and moving and handling specialist specific questions or advice about issues training courses and information leaflets are also useful.

Media Bias in the Election of 2008

Connie Zhang Media Bias Against Hilary Clinton in the Election of 2008 The election of 2008 was monuwork forcetal in many respects, the about significant being the occurrence that in that respect was a chance that the first womanhood or African American would become president of the United States. After Obama won the nomination, claims that the media had been contradict and below the belt to Clinton were examined. In earlier studies conducted by DAlessio and Allen, it was concluded there were no significant soliduses in or so forms of media. However, from the focus of her marriage to the questioning of her social conduct, Clinton was definitely treated differently than Obama was.It is very evident that there was, in situation, negative bias towards Clinton, although it was non as numerous and severe as it seemed to be payable to historical, situational, and personal matters. Using meta-analysis, a method that allows for the combination of many studies from relatively few m edia outlets, DAlessio and Allen revealed no significant net centre of gatekeeping bias and no significant reporting bias. However, statement bias set up in intelligence activitymagazines was pro-republican, and those prove on TV were pro-democrat. The key here is that the net amount of gatekeeping bias was oppose to zero.What this meant was that the number of conservatively coloured forms of media was equal to the number of liberally dark-skinned forms of media. If someone only glance over a republican-favoring newspaper, then individually, he would be experiencing media biases which would impact his voting choices despite the position that net amount of gatekeeping biases was equal to zero. A nonher important fact demonstrated in this study is that Americans are increasingly relying on TV for budge information, so they are increasingly exposed to liberal biases, kick upstairs affecting their semipolitical choices.Although DAlessio and Mike Allen are certainly correct in their claim that the identities of the presidential expectations changed many times, biases most definitely existed in the election of 2008. Using a positive versus negative coverage analysis, Moldovan found substantial evidence that Clinton received less coverage than Obama did. Historically, this trend has been recorded, and in 2008, it held true even when the female candidate, Clinton, was a front runner.Six top newspapers ran 59 stories with Obama being mentioned in the headline, while only 36 mentioned Clinton. amid January 2007 and June 2008, 343 articles were written about Obama, while only 293 were focused on Clinton. In Time magazine, 2 covers have Clinton, 2 covers featured both Clinton and Obama, and a whopping 25 covers featured Obama only. Clearly, there is a bias favoring Obama in the case of agenda setting. Additionally, Moldovan found that coverage of Clinton was more negatively framed than Obamas was, in both specific cases and in general.When Clinton cried a fter winning the New Hampshire primaries, there was plenty of coverage deeming her a phony trying to rally emotional support as a woman, whereas her victory was exceedingly likely due to her administrations superior organization in that state. In dividing line, Obamas patronising Youre likeable enough, Hillary, watch, received substantially less time and focus. Another example where treatment of Obama was not was not as harsh or prolonged as it could have been was in regards to Michelle Obamas remark about being proud of her country for the first time in her life.Furthermore, the treatment towards Obamas connections to anti-American individuals, much(prenominal) as his former reverend Jeremiah Wright, was softer in comparison to criticism of Clintons fashion, overleap of feminine characteristics, and marriage. Overall, Clintons coverage was more negative than Obamas, from the amount the media covered her weaknesses to the way it framed them. moreover all the biases claimed to have existed may not historically have been actual biases, as Moldovan farther explains. Some may have only been believed to been there as a result of historical, situational, and personal situations.The socio-economic class 2008 was a crucial time. The country was in the worst recession since the Great De laborion, with foreign tensions only maddening the situation. Despite Clintons political prowess, her marriage to Bill Clinton and its scandalous complications gave her a very yesterday tactual sensation that Americans did not need in such a dire time. Additionally, her refusal to disclose her tax returns increased the feelings of secretiveness that retrogressively reminded race of the Nixon and Bush administration. Furthermore, coming out of George W.Bushs rule, the fact that she was a Clinton added to the feeling of the persistence of a family dynasty that Americans did not want again. Finally, Clintons approach to the run away itself was not only perceived negatively, e xactly was in fact negative. Clintons method to winning focused on questioning Obamas foreign form _or_ system of government experience, military capabilities, and economic policies. Her offensive remarks about Obamas kindergarten essay and her red phone call ad were things that didnt need the medias framing or bias for people to recognize that they were disrespectful and unappealing.Although the commove unnecessarily focused on these negative aspects, it cannot be denied that most of Clintons campaign was, in fact negative in itself due to the fact that it had been an attack on Obamas flaws as a person, kinda than a logical and fair assessment of his abilities and potential as a leader (Moldovan, 2009). When coupled with the fact that Obama revealed his maturity and professionalism by focusing on substance rather than resorting to mud-slinging, the situation worsened for Clinton.Additionally, the most negative coverage about Obama may have emphasized a trait that would have been unattractive in other times, but in this situation, served to help him. The media revealed Obamas elitism, from his food choices, to his education, to his up-scale Chicago neighborhood. Normally, this would have harmed a candidates campaign, but in 2008 when Americans really needed a talented and intelligent president, it seemed to make smell to want more than nevertheless an average American candidate.Despite his race and lack of professional experience, in contrast to Clintons feelings of backwardness and her attack tactics, Obamas youthful charisma and focus on hope were hardly more appealing to the American people, and although the media did give him an unfair amount of attention in his positive traits and was biased in focusing on his image rather than his experience, Obama didnt need the medias framing for it to be known that the way he approached the campaign was much more mature and professional then Clinton.Because people tend to react much stronger to emotional appeals rather than dense, political facts, the fact that Obama handled the campaign better as a person really assisted him to victory (Moldovan, 2009). Clintons circumstances may have been further exacerbated not by the medias bias, but by the fact that in general, people are just harsher when judging a woman. In a representative national sample, 51 percent of the surveyed believed that Americans were not falsify to elect a woman into high office (Lawless 74).In general, women are more likely to receive media coverage based on their appearance, feminine traits, and ability to handle womens issues. The situation was worsened by fact that Clinton was not the average female candidate. From the perceived lack of affection towards her pets to her hard, tough demeanor, Clinton lacked many of the stereotypical womanly characteristics people expected from her. But as soon as she cried after her New Hampshire victory, the press had an unnecessarily generous and negative focus on these womanly qua lities.Although there is a general and accepted consensus that Clinton did not lose the race because she was a woman, she was forced to operate in a sexist environment and hump with different expectations and standards. Thus, her campaign in general was more difficult as voters relied on stereotypical ideas of women and mens attributes, affecting the way people judged and viewed her differently from Obama. In this case, the media may not have been biased against Clinton, but simply reinforcing these sexist norms (Lawless 2009).A further reason why these biases may not be as strong as they are claimed is demonstrated by Watts, Domoke, Shah, and Fan. After examining shifts in public perception of media bias, press coverage of media bias, and coverage in presidential campaigns, they concluded that the ascent in the belief of media bias is a result of increasing news self-coverage focusing on the topic of news content bias itself. These authors discover that a lot of peoples evaluatio n of media credibility is misinformed, especially when comes to political news and campaign coverage.In presidential campaigns, candidates may merely be attempting to generate support for themselves and opposition for their opponents, not intentionally absentminded to create bias. With the increase in these patterns, allegations of biases may now be a part of the presidential campaign rhetoric, and journalists feel increasing pressure to make these claims of the existence of biases to prove that they are not biased themselves.The rise in media sources has further contributed to the pressure traditional media sources have felt to reinforce their reliability by load-bearing(a) claims of biases. Doing so not only generates credibility from their audience, but their peers as well. In consequence, a cyclic belief has taken place in which news media find their attention as sources of information in political campaigns to be of increasing importance.In these ways, biases that are claime d to exist may not be as severeor even existentas people believe them to be. Due to these historical, situational, and personal matters, the negative biases against Clinton may not have been as frequent and harsh as they seemed, although biases against her existed for sure. In both agenda setting and framing, the media seemed to be against her as she received less coverage overall, and the coverage she did received tended to be harsher than the coverage on Obama.Other biases that were claimed to exist, however, such as emphasis on her marriage to Bill Clinton, however, may not really have been biases, but true, negative facts that just didnt help her campaign. In addition, she was operating under a sexist environment, so it cannot be said that the media was being biased against her gender since everyone else was too. Finally, assertions of biases may not have actually arisen from real biases, but could have been a result from increasing news self-coverage focusing on the topic of ne ws content bias.Overall, as Moldovan points out, the press true biases lay in conflict, because conflict generates both viewers and revenue. It just happened to be that out of the two candidates, Hilary Clinton had more problems to talk about. Works Cited Lawless, Jennifer L. Sexism and Gender Bias in Election 2008 A More Complex Path for Women in Politics. Politics & Gender (2009) 70-80. Print. Media Bias in presidential Elections A Meta Analysis. Journal of Communication 50. 4 (2000) 133-56. Print. Miller, Melissa K. , Jeffrey S. Peake, and Brittany Anne Boulton. Testing the Saturday Night Live dead reckoning Fairness and Bias in Newspaper Coverage of Hillary Clintons Presidential Campaign. Politics & Gender (2010) 169-98. Print. Raluca, Moldovan. A tale OF TWO CLINTONS MEDIA BIAS IN THE COVERAGE OF HILLARY CLINTONS 2008 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN1. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Studia Europaea (2009) 41-59. Print. Watts, Mark D. , et al. Elite Cues and Media Bias in Preside ntial Campaigns Explaining Public Perceptions of a Liberal Press. Communication Research 26. 2 (1999) 144-75. Print.