Ecosphere

This analysis tried the Earth and how the bio-geochemical cycles inside it depend on one another. The worms depended on the ground for cover and the plant for oxygen. The Ecosphere additionally assessed constraining variables inside a biological system in light of the fact that the container utilized was a little, contained condition. For instance, one of the three worms had kicked the bucket since it stalled out between the plant and the side of the container. This is a restricting element as far as space: if there was more space for the worm this would not have occurred. Question: If one maker and one shopper are to keep up a feasible biological system in a container, to what extent will they endure? Theory: I accept the result of the investigation will be that the entirety of the worms will endure and the plant won't. The worms will endure on the grounds that I will take care of them sawdust, their ideal food, and they will have a lot of earth to squirm around in. The plant, in any case, won't endure on the grounds that the plant’s assets are restricted. The dirt put into the ecosphere won't be changed out, along these lines the supplements in it will decrease. Foundation Information: The EcoSphere is a presentation of a working biological framework. While it is delightful to see, it likewise shows the sensitive equalization of a shut biological system like the Earth. Contained inside the totally fixed glass is a little assortment of biota living in a separated domain. The EcoSphere contains a portion of a similar basic components that are found on our planet. The Earth is spoken to by the dirt at the base. Fire is the light, which streams in every day. At long last, life: the worms, plant and organisms that live in the EcoSphere. The EcoSphere's organic cycle speaks to Earth's' very own straightforward adaptation environment. Light along with carbon dioxide in the water empowers the plant to deliver oxygen by photosynthesis. The worms inhale the oxygen in the ahir while snacking on the sawdust which is taken care of to them and microbes. The microscopic organisms separate the creature squander into supplements, which the plant uses. The worms and microorganisms likewise radiate carbon dioxide, which the plant again use to create oxygen. Thus the cycle reestablishes itself. Materials: †one 1 liter coke bottle with top †one plant (purchased from pet store) †3 Super Worms †2 cups of soil †water †daylight †sawdust (food) †scissors †conduit tape †note pad to record information Technique: All the materials were gathered. At that point, a scissor was utilized to cut a half moon formed opening in the highest point of the container, around 1 inch beneath the top. Next, a large portion of the dirt was pored into the opening. At that point the plant was set into the dirt, while poring the other half over the base of the plant to guarantee legitimate development. After, 3 super worms were placed into the Ecosphere with some sawdust. The EcoSphere was taped closed and put on a windowsill with great daylight presentation. Information was recorded at that point and ordinarily, for 20 days, following. Examination: My theory was extremely erroneous. Two superworms wound up enduring, while the plant was withering and battling. One superworm kicked the bucket because of it stalling out. Unfit to get out, I expect it kicked the bucket of starvation or hypothermia on the grounds that the worms invested the entirety of their energy under the dirt. I accept the plant shriveled in light of the fact that it needed more space and oxygen within the EcoSphere. During the analysis, I accept the EcoSphere was knocked off the window. This could have blocked the plant’s development too. The plant could have been up-established throughout the fall causing its disintegration. Taking everything into account, the EcoSphere venture is critical to our educational plan since it assesses the bio-geochemical cycles, just as tests restricting elements. A mistake made with this trial was it being thumped over. This was negative to the worms and could have been deadly for the plant.

Wilfred Owen Trial Essay Example

Wilfred Owen Trial Essay To welcome the sonnets of Wilfred Owen, the key topics should initially be comprehended: nationalistic penance, pointlessness of war and the genuine abhorrences of war; these characteristics are what make Owen’s War verse important while picking up knowledge the detestations of those caught in War. The Poems Anthem for Doomed Youth, Disabled and Futility uncover various characteristics of war yet and upheld by the establishment of the subjects of pointless and the genuine penance of War. Every sonnet uncovers Owen’s plan in uncovering the penance and intensity of the human spirit.Anthem for Doomed Youth through uncovering the revulsions and pointlessness of War permit the responder to genuinely acknowledge Owen’s verse. Alliterative expression alongside aural symbolism is utilized in â€Å"stuttering rifles quick rattle† gives understanding into the consistent sounds and detestations of war. Owen investigates the division of death through aural symbolism a s the steady stable of death can leave a solider â€Å"disabled†, featuring the repugnance of war. Analogy is uncovered through embodiment in â€Å"Bugle’s calling† which features the verifiable setting of the â€Å"bugles† calling the officers to battle is presently calling them to rise by and by and serve the nationalistic penance and feed the continuous yearning of the War.Owen endeavors to light up the pointlessness of War just as the mystery of life and passing as each ensured triumph, comes ensured â€Å"sacrifice†. Allegory is uncovered through embodiment in â€Å"demented ensemble of crying shells† featuring the reference to a burial service ensemble calling for more penance by the unexpected weapons of war. Owen endeavors to feature that even the weapons of war are â€Å"wailing† at the pointless penance of the repulsiveness in war. The crowd can increase a strong thankfulness for the verse of Wilfred Owen through the wisely uncovering how the impacting objects of War together distinguish the penances of war; uncovering the obliviousness of the ordering generals.Appreciation of Wilfred Owen can persistently be uncovered by Anthem for Doomed youth as it uncovered the genuine aural and visual disappointment of War. Similitude and alliterative expression is utilized to develop â€Å"drawing down of the blinds† to give knowledge into the Catch 22 of penance. Owen uncovered that with the finish of every day come the finish of life in war as an ever increasing number of penances are expected to satisfy the â€Å"useless† reason for war. Exemplification and intensifier is utilized to build â€Å"monstrous outrage of firearms â€Å" as Owen uncovered that even the weapons of war are debilitated and furious at the penance of war. â€Å"Patter out† through saying is made to feature that through the outrage and trouble of the weapons of war; numerous lives are â€Å"pattered out of existenc e† which uncovered the progressing subject of the pointless of war. Facetious inquiry and similitude are built in â€Å"who kick the bucket as cattle?† to give understanding into the foreordained idea of fighters to be raised and relinquished as cows. Owen uncovered the Catch 22 of war as men must be utilized as â€Å"cattle† to take care of the progressing craving of the butcher of war. Owen cleverly provokes the crowd to comprehend the enduring impacts of War as the detestations are not simply contained in the limits of battle.Appreciation of Owen’s sonnets can likewise be uncovered by the visual symbolism which is made in the sonnet of Disabled. â€Å"Slob like relish† is utilized by Owen through the visual symbolism just as â€Å"drooping tongues† to give understanding into the fallout of War as it penances all that it contacts, leaving a few warriors the living dead. â€Å"Faces the dead have ravished† through illustration uncover ed the repulsions of war as much after death, the men despite everything have not had the option to expel the scars of death from their fantasies. Owen gives understanding into the Catch 22 of the debilitated as they can no longer speak with the outside world, nor would they be able to leave their frightened brain, leaving them in steady equal of death. Analogy is built through metaphor in â€Å"Dawn tears open like an injury that drains afresh† to give knowledge into the continuum of War as it effect can never be mended. Owen permits the peruser to imagine the Catch 22 of War similarly as with its continuation more men must â€Å"bleed afresh† for its headway. Through Disabled, the crowd can acknowledge the probable characteristics of Nationalistic penance, making the abhorrences of war which permit the valuation for Owen’s keen poetry.Futility by Wilfred Owen permits the responder to acknowledge Owen’s verse on an alternate setting through the unmistaka ble thought of foreordained destiny. Owen utilizes the all-encompassing representation of â€Å"seeds† as the men are developed from â€Å"clay† to be separated and butchered for their fated destiny of penance for a Nationalistic reason. Owen proceeds with the all-encompassing analogy with the â€Å"sun† as the â€Å"sun† or the officers of war have raised the youthful â€Å"seeds† to develop as men and serve the reason for penance. It is through the nature of understanding Owen’s unmistakable thought of foreordained destiny that the responder can value the idea of knowledge Owen’s verse gives.

Business model canvas Customer Segments

Business model canvas Customer Segments WHAT IS A CUSTOMER SEGMENT?Customer segments are the community of customers or businesses that you are aiming to sell your product or services to. Customer segments is one of the most important building blocks in the business model canvas for your business, so getting this building block right is key to your success.Customers can be segmented into distinct groups based on needs, behaviors and other traits that they share. A customer segment may also be defined through demographics such as age, ethnicity, profession, gender, etc or on their psychographic factors such as spending behavior, interests, and motivations. An organization can choose to target a single group or multiple groups through its products and services.By matching your customer segment to your value proposition, you can achieve a more lucrative revenue stream. Hence, it is fundamental for an organization to understand the trade-off between different customer segments and carefully select which segment it wants to targ et. Then, the organization must create a value proposition and employ a business model best suited to servicing their chosen customer segment’s needs.An organization can categorize consumers into distinct groups if they have the following characteristics;The customer groups have a particular need which justifies the creation of a product to match this need.The group needs a separate Distribution Channel to be reached.The groups require relationships of different kinds.There is a very clear difference in the level of profitability each group represents for the organization.Each consumer group feels strongly enough to pay for a different version of the product or service, tailored to their preferences. TYPES OF CUSTOMER SEGMENTSMass MarketProducts and services which target the Mass Market segment are appealing or fulfill the needs of a wide cross section of the population and does not discriminate between different Customer segments.   The value propositions, distribution channels a nd customer relationships are meant for the consumption to a big number of people who have a common problem or need that requires fulfillment. The manufacturer for a fridge will have a very broad target market because there is very little differentiation required by people from their fridge.Niche MarketNiche market refers to a customer segment with extremely defined characteristics and very particular needs. This segment requires, or rather expects, a highly tailored product, custom made to suit their needs. Therefore the value propositions, distribution channels ad customer relationships are closely defined according to the preferences of this particular customer segment. These business models are common in supplier buyer relationships such as those between automobile parts manufacturers who are extremely dependent on automobile manufacturers for sale of their products.SegmentedSome businesses choose to provide products and services to customer segments which may have very minute v ariations in their needs and requirements. The organization creates different value propositions, distribution channels and customer relationships according to these small differences in the customer segments.In retail banking, a bank will create a distinction between consumers whose net worth is $100, 000 and those with a net worth of $500, 000. The differences between these two kinds of consumers are small but significant. Typically, a bank will find it more lucrative to invest in creating separate value propositions, distribution channels and customer relationships for both customer segments.DiversifiedAn organization which opts to serve diversified customer segments is basically picking customer segments with very different needs and wants. The customer profiles have few overlaps but due to varying reasons, the organization sees value in investing in appealing to both these diverse segments. Amazon.com started by selling books online. As it’s business grew, it’s IT infrastru cture became more and more sophisticated. Leveraging this value proposition, Amazon began offering its IT infrastructure through cloud services to business customers. Hence, Amazon now has individual customers and business customers as well.Multi-Sided Platforms/ marketsWhen customer segments are related through dependency, it makes business sense to serve both ends of the equation. Hence, for a credit card company, it is not just imperative that customers opt to use their credit cards but equally important for stores to accept their credit card. If either segment fails, the other will automatically follow suit. Simply put, it’s a chicken and egg problem. Today, one of the most successful online ventures is e-bay which operates with Multi-sided platform by requiring the presence of both buyers and sellers for it’s continued success. If eBay doesn’t have a sufficient customer base for its sellers, sellers will not be interested in advertising their wares on eBay. Conversely, if the buyers do not have a multitude of sellers to choose from, they may switch to other mediums to fulfill their needs.CREATING A CUSTOMER PROFILE It is important for an entrepreneur to recognize from the onset that your target customer is under no automatic obligation to buy your product or service. However, every business that wants to remain viable must appeal to its target customer segment or face a long and slow dissolution.To ensure a business’ appeal to its customer segment the business must work to understand who the customer is. These can be recognized by evaluating the customer’s environment, experiences and general context. All these factors contribute to how the customer will respond to your product. So a customer’s geographic, demographic and social context will define the customer’s persona, creating a customer archetype for your products and services. © Entrepreneurial Insights based on the concept of Alex OsterwalderIn this article, we will look at 1) what is a customer segment?, 2) types of customer segments, 3) creating a customer profile (customer jobs, customer gains and customer pains) and 4) a case study.WHAT IS A CUSTOMER SEGMENT?Customer segments are the community of customers or businesses that you are aiming to sell your product or services to. Customer segments is one of the most important building blocks in the business model canvas for your business, so getting this building block right is key to your success.Customers can be segmented into distinct groups based on needs, behaviors and other traits that they share. A customer segment may also be defined through demographics such as age, ethnicity, profession, gender, etc or on their psychographic factors such as spending behavior, interests, and motivations. An organization can choose to target a single group or multiple groups through its products and services.By m atching your customer segment to your value proposition, you can achieve a more lucrative revenue stream. Hence, it is fundamental for an organization to understand the trade-off between different customer segments and carefully select which segment it wants to target. Then, the organization must create a value proposition and employ a business model best suited to servicing their chosen customer segment’s needs.An organization can categorize consumers into distinct groups if they have the following characteristics;The customer groups have a particular need which justifies the creation of a product to match this need.The group needs a separate Distribution Channel to be reached.The groups require relationships of different kinds.There is a very clear difference in the level of profitability each group represents for the organization.Each consumer group feels strongly enough to pay for a different version of the product or service, tailored to their preferences. TYPES OF CUSTOMER S EGMENTSMass MarketProducts and services which target the Mass Market segment are appealing or fulfill the needs of a wide cross section of the population and does not discriminate between different Customer segments.   The value propositions, distribution channels and customer relationships are meant for the consumption to a big number of people who have a common problem or need that requires fulfillment. The manufacturer for a fridge will have a very broad target market because there is very little differentiation required by people from their fridge.Niche MarketNiche market refers to a customer segment with extremely defined characteristics and very particular needs. This segment requires, or rather expects, a highly tailored product, custom made to suit their needs. Therefore the value propositions, distribution channels ad customer relationships are closely defined according to the preferences of this particular customer segment. These business models are common in supplier buye r relationships such as those between automobile parts manufacturers who are extremely dependent on automobile manufacturers for sale of their products.SegmentedSome businesses choose to provide products and services to customer segments which may have very minute variations in their needs and requirements. The organization creates different value propositions, distribution channels and customer relationships according to these small differences in the customer segments.In retail banking, a bank will create a distinction between consumers whose net worth is $100, 000 and those with a net worth of $500, 000. The differences between these two kinds of consumers are small but significant. Typically, a bank will find it more lucrative to invest in creating separate value propositions, distribution channels and customer relationships for both customer segments.DiversifiedAn organization which opts to serve diversified customer segments is basically picking customer segments with very dif ferent needs and wants. The customer profiles have few overlaps but due to varying reasons, the organization sees value in investing in appealing to both these diverse segments. Amazon.com started by selling books online. As it’s business grew, it’s IT infrastructure became more and more sophisticated. Leveraging this value proposition, Amazon began offering its IT infrastructure through cloud services to business customers. Hence, Amazon now has individual customers and business customers as well.Multi-Sided Platforms/ marketsWhen customer segments are related through dependency, it makes business sense to serve both ends of the equation. Hence, for a credit card company, it is not just imperative that customers opt to use their credit cards but equally important for stores to accept their credit card. If either segment fails, the other will automatically follow suit. Simply put, it’s a chicken and egg problem. Today, one of the most successful online ventures is e-bay which operates with Multi-sided platform by requiring the presence of both buyers and sellers for it’s continued success. If eBay doesn’t have a sufficient customer base for its sellers, sellers will not be interested in advertising their wares on eBay. Conversely, if the buyers do not have a multitude of sellers to choose from, they may switch to other mediums to fulfill their needs.CREATING A CUSTOMER PROFILE © Entrepreneurial Insights based on the concept of Alex OsterwalderThe customer profile defines the customer segment more clearly for your organization by understanding the customer’s jobs and evaluating the customer’s pains and gains.Before creating a customer profile, one must understand the various archetypes customers typically fall into. These archetypes are as follows:A Curator is someone who sifts through a lot of information and options available and funnels the relevant options to his or her audience.A Broadcaster shares information of value to a huge audience.A Tastemaker is someone with very specific tastes and is followed by an audience who have similar tastes and look to him for cues on what products to try and what services to adopt.A Celebrity is someone with a dedicated fan following in whose eyes he/she can do no wrong. This is usually someone famous whose every move is watched and whose purchase preferences are emulated by the audience.Customer JobsCustomer job s describe what customers are trying to achieve in their personal and professional lives. It could refer to the work they are trying to get done, needs that they are trying to satisfy or challenges that they are trying to overcome. It is important in this section for the entrepreneur to think from the customer’s perspective to better understand the customer.Functional JobsThese are specific tasks and results that the customer is trying to achieve and is working towards. They are simple and easily defined such as cook a meal, complete my Math homework, eat healthier as a consumer or meet my KPI’s as an employee.Social JobsThese describe how a customer wants to project him or herself in a social setting. This includes wanting to fit in with a particular crowd socially, or wowing the boss with a presentation at work.Personal/ Emotional JobsCustomers also work towards feeling a particular way. Most people will aim for the rush of succeeding at a difficult task such as participating in a triathalon or having dinner with their family every night.Supporting JobsCustomers also consume or buy value, thereby performing a supporting job. The following three roles contribute to supporting jobs:Buyer of value: this job includes any purchase of value and can cover the spectrum from evaluating available options and alternatives to signing for a delivery or paying for a product you have selected.Co-creator of value: these are jobs in which you have a direct hand in the creation of the product with the organization. This can include brainstorming for ideas for the design of the product to testing the product yourself and providing reviews online.Transferor of value: these jobs represent the close of the product use lifecycle and are characterized by the consumer disposing off the product or transferring tis ownership to someone else because they find no further value in it.Jobs ContextWhile evaluating customer jobs, it is equally important to evaluate the context in which the job was performed because the context has the power to impact the job type itself. To elaborate, there is a marked difference between how a customer would approach going to watch a movie with their children and going to the movies with a significant other.Job ImportanceDifferent jobs will hold varying degrees of importance in the eyes of the customer depending on their impact and the customer’s priorities. It is important for the entrepreneur to recognize which jobs are crucial to the customer and which one the customer can easily discard or substitute.Customer PainsThese are conditions which either prevent the customer from getting a job done or elicit negative emotions before, during or after a job. The risks of doing a job or negative results arising from it also fall within the ambit of Customer Pains.Undesired outcomes, problems and characteristicsCustomer pains are of the following types: functional, social, emotional and ancillary. This also includes characteristics una ppealing to the customer.ObstaclesThese are pains which either prevent a customer from starting a job or hamper the customer in completing an assigned task.RisksThese are possibilities of something going wrong or negative consequences of an action.Pain severityCustomer pain varies in its severity from extreme to moderate.Tips for clarifying customer painsIt is important to delve into the depth of what causes a customer pain so we understand its urgency and importance for the customer. Hence, if a customer complains about being made to wait in line too long, an entrepreneur can understanding this pain better by inquiring how long after getting in line did the wait become an unbearable pain for the customer.Customer GainsCustomer Gains are results or benefits that customers desire. Some gains will be taken for granted by the customer upon purchasing a product or service, but others might be a surprise for them resulting in customer delight. Gains are of the following types: functional utility, social gains, positive emotions and cost savings.Required GainsThese are the most basic gains expected by the customer when purchasing a product. Hence a person purchasing a smartphone will have the minimum expectation that the new phone will let him make and receive phone calls.Expected GainsThese are also basic gains but ones without which the product or service would still fulfill its basic purpose. Hence, even if a smartphone makes a call, we expect it to be sleek and visually appealing.Desired GainsThese gains represent the customer’s wishlist. These would be highly coveted and treasured gains by the customer and would lead to a lot satisfaction from the customers. One such desired gain is for smartphones to be easily synced with other devices.Unexpected GainsThese are gains that haven’t been expressed by the customer. They are ideas and innovations which have the power to revolutionize the customer’s experience with a product but the customer isn’t aware of t hem and their potential benefits until they are introduced. The Touch screen was an unexpected gain for customers of Apple.Gain relevanceA successful entrepreneur needs to be able to evaluate how essential the gain is to the customer. Gains can vary from essential to nice to have.Tips for clarifying customer gainsIt is important to have clearly defined gains for the customer so the products and services can be tailored accordingly. If a customer gain is “need better performance’ from a product, it is key to the product’s success for the organization to know what level of performance will be viewed as a gain by the customer. The more information one has about customer gains, the better the value proposition will appeal to the customer segment.Steps for using the FRAMEWORKTo summarize, outlined below are the steps to effectively employ this framework;Pick a customer segment that you would like to analyse in detail.Figure out what tasks your customers are trying to accomplish and mention each on a separate sticky notePinpoint the pains customers have including the challenges and risks they facePinpoint the gains the customers would haveRank the jobs, pains and gains in order of relevance and severity for the customer.Best practices Common mistakes when using the FRAMEWORKBest Practices:If you are targeting more than one customer segment, have a separate value proposition for each segment. If your organization is targeting business customers, make sure to evaluate if you have more than one segment coexisting within the businessJobs are chores that customers are trying to complete, issues they are trying to find solutions for or needs they are attempting to fulfill. Gains on the other hand are specific results that a customer wants to achieve or, in the case of pains, avoid.Do not overlook the significance of social or emotional jobs. In many cases they are much more urgent to the customer than functional jobs.While creating a customer profile, it is imperat ive not to begin with the end in mind i.e. do not take your own product or service into account while identifying their jobs, gains and pains. Instead, make sure that your create a holistic profile by covering all their jobs, gains and pains regardless of whether they are relevant to your product or not.A good customer profile will be full of sticky notes because a typical segment will have many jobs, pains and gains.When mentioning pains and gains, it is more effective to be as specific as possible. Ambiguous gains like salary increase or takes too long, in the case of pains will not give you much to work on as a business. Instead, specify how much salary increase the customer wants or what amount of time will be deemed too long by the customer.Common Mistakes:Creating a customer profile which covers more than one segmentTreating jobs and results as the sameIgnoring emotional and social jobs in favor of functional jobsMentioning only those jobs, pains and gains which are relevant t o your product or serviceBeing satisfied with only having a few jobs, pains and gains on your customer profileFailing to be descriptive while mentioning jobs, pains and gainsCASE STUDYTidepool is a digital health startup that provides an open data and software platform to its customers. It is serving a two-sided market, identified as Patients and Device Manufacturers.Customer JobsPatients: Keep blood sugar within target range and make therapy adjustments when it doesn’t record a range.Device manufacturers: Design, build and sell devices.Customer PainsPatients: going through the pain of hypo and hyperglycemia everyday; fearing over losing their children to Diabetes everyday.Device manufacturers: software must have value to providers so they can recommend it to patients; create data management software; FDA process.Customer GainsPatients: a bank of information at their fingertips which removes the need for guesswork.Device manufacturers: innovative features which attract both the pr oviders and the patients.

An Educational Presentation By Caitlin Gibbs - 1314 Words

Yersinia pestis An educational presentation by Caitlin Gibbs General Outline Covering: ï‚ § History and Relevance ï‚ § Biological Characteristics ï‚ § Pathogenesis ï‚ § Detection Not covering ï‚ § Its use as a biological warfare agent The Plague Considered by many to be the greatest pandemic in the history of the world, the Plague is a disease that has ‘plagued’ the world for over a millennia. Three major pandemics recorded throughout history— claimed an estimated 200 million lives. History of the Plague The First Pandemic ï‚ § First recorded history of the plague, was the Plague of Justinian between 541 – 542 AD. ï‚ § Began in Pelusium, Egypt, after arriving from Ethiopia. ï‚ § Quickly spread through the Middle East and Mediterranean basin ï‚ § Eventually affected all the known world— o 25 million deaths during the pandemic o Up to 50 million deaths total over the next 250 years until 700 AD. Slowly spread from Central Asia, to the west via trade routes between 1330 and 1346. The Second Pandemic ï‚ § Its arrival in Sicily in 1346 brought the start of the Second Pandemic, known as the Black Death. ï‚ § During 1346 to 1353 it killed between 17 and 28 million Europeans, which was about 30 to 40% of the population. ï‚ § Further epidemics continued across the globe until the mid 17th century. o The biggest pandemic in history with over 100 million deaths. o Killed 30% of the world’s population. The Third Plague Pandemic (AKA The Modern Pandemic) ï‚ § Started in 1855 in the Chinese province of Yunnan. ï‚ § By

Company Profile Of The Hershey Company - 1237 Words

Introduction The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation (and commonly called Hershey’s), is the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America. Its headquarters are in Hershey, PA. Founded in 1894, the company is 120 years old and enjoys the benefits associated with a mature business cycle; strong corporate culture, brand recognition, customer loyalty, etc. This paper analyzes the business in a number of ways to explain how Hershey’s has endured and some issues it overcame to remain a global leader in chocolate and sugar confectionery and an icon for its chocolate bar. Company Profile The Hershey Chocolate Company was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company. Principle product groups include chocolate and sugar confectionery products, gum and mint refreshment products, and pantry items such as baking ingredients, toppings and beverages. Their mission is â€Å"undisputed marketplace leadership† and their vision is â€Å"great people building great brands† (Chadna, A., 2012, p.1). The Hershey Company currently employs 21,000 people worldwide and holds 44.4% of the U.S. chocolate market. Products are sold in 60 countries under 80 brand names including Hershey’s, Reese’s, and Kisses. Additionally, Hershey maintains the right to manufacture and sell competitor’s products such as Kit-Kat bars through licensing agreements with foreign Nestle and the former Cadbury Schweppes, now a part of Kraft foods.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Acc 504965 Words   |  4 Pagesdownload in Doc S haring. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2012 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided at their websites. A sample project template is available for download in Doc Sharing. 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Although many people associate Hershey with chocolate, the company started when founder Milton Hershey decided to produce caramel in 1894.They are most famous for their major candy brands such as Hershey s, Reese s, Kit Kat, Kisses, Twizzlers, Jolly Rancher etc. However, Hershey also sells grocery products including: bakingRead MoreMy Career And Personal Study Of Leadership1528 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 1 – Developing a Leadership Profile During the course of my career and personal study of leadership practice, I have had the good fortune of becoming acquainted with a number of leaders whom I admire. When considering a choice for this paper, a number of strong leaders from a wide range of backgrounds came to mind. I considered Alan Mulally, former CEO of Ford Motor Company, Jack Welsh former Chairman and CEO of General Electric, and Paul Downes President and CEO of Mountaire Farms, and LeeRead MoreNestle : A Company For The Creation Of Popular Brands Essay885 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginating from Vevey, Switzerland is a well-known company for the creation of popular brands such as; Allen’s, Maggie, Uncle Tobies and Milo just to name a few. Nestle S.A covers the product market of baby foods, bottled water, cereals, chocolate and confectionery, coffee, culinary, chilled and frozen foods, dairy products, drinks, food service, healthcare nutrition products, ice creams, pet care products, and weight management s ervice. (MarketLine Company Profile, Nestle S. A, October 2015). Nestle sells

Latin History Free Essays

MEXICO ECONOMY Mexico is located in North America and known as United Mexican States. It consists of thirty-one states and a federal district with the capital of Mexico City. It is most populous city in the Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Latin History or any similar topic only for you Order Now The GDP is $1.149 trillion and per capital income is $11,249. the income per capita is $7.310. It is 12th largest economy in the world as measured in Gross Domestic product. The GDP real growth rate is 4.8%. The average annual GDP growth during 1972 to 1981 was 5.5% whereas during 1981-1986 it was only 1.5%. The GDP’s main share is from services 69.4% and the industry captured 26.7%. From Agriculture it is only 3.9%.   The public debt is 23.3% of GDP. Mexico is highly dependent on exports to the United States. The quarter share of the country’s GDP is based on the exports to the United States. Hence the Mexican economy is strongly linked with the U.S. business. The 1994-year is Mexico’s bad year. Of course it starts with acceptance of NAFTA in the year beginning with United States and Canada and ends with dark Christmas with peso devaluation. During the year there are many political problems like Chiapas rebellion, assignations of political leaders. There was such situation the Mexico attacked with the crisis during 1982 and it got recovered by 7 years whereas during 1994 peso devaluation, it takes for 7 months only to get recovery.   During December 19, 1994, the exchange rate is 3.50 pesos per dollar. The consumer demand for goods collapsed. The Mexican interest rate on loans dramatically increased creating a shock in the banking system. Some businesses closed due to increase of market share. The exports increased with high exchange rate TRADE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND UNITED STATES 90% of Mexican trade has been put under free trade agreements with over 40 countries. The North American Free Trade Agreement is significant in this regard. 9% of Mexican exports go to the United States and Canada. And imports recognized 65% from these two countries. The exports to Untied States are 88.4% and imports from United States are 68.4%. Mexico is dependent on trade with United States. The U.S. exports to Mexico include electronic equipment, motor vehicle parts and chemicals and in case of Mexican exports to the United States are Petroleum, cars and electronic equipment. Mexico depends more than on U.S. economy whether it may be good or bad. The NAFTA relation between U.S and Mexico completed more than 10 years. Of course, after the peso devaluation, the Mexico economy become stable, perhaps the United States plays major role. Initially, there was a free trade agreement between Canada and United States called Free Trade Agreement during 1988. Thereafter it was included Mexico and fresh agreement is established in the name of NAFTA. It is trilateral agreement. It is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico. The agreement indicates elimination of tariffs of the produced traded in the respective nations i.e. United States, Canada and Mexico. It is planned to phase out tariffs over a period 15 years. Besides the restrictions were said to be removed from many categories, which includes motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. MEXICO POLITICAL The type of government is Federal republic. Representing political parties are Institutional Revolutionary Party, National Action Party, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Green Ecological Party, Labor party and several small parties. The politics of Mexico are dominated by the three political parties in Mexico i.e. National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The recent federal presidential elections were held on July 2, 2006. President Zedillo and president Fox continued with trade liberalization and several FTAs were signed with Latin American and European countries. Thus Mexico became one of the most open countries in the world of trade. Most Important reform during President Fox period is implementation of Freedom of Information laws. With this effect Mexico City and 26 states supposed to fight against corruption. Hence Mexico becomes international model by usage of FOIA laws and enforcement mechanisms. REFERENE: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html http://countrystudies.us/mexico/65.htm http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/0,,pagePK:180619~theSitePK:136917,00.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749.htm    How to cite Latin History, Essay examples

Report on Operations and Supply Chain Strategy

Question: Write about theReport on Operations and Supply Chain Strategy. Answer: Introduction Supply chain sustainability is a philosophy that is focused on being socially responsible, to consider the long term profitability by following practices that are good for the environment. Its focus goes beyond delivery, inventory, and traditional views of managing costs. The company following this philosophy can work towards reducing energy cost, any form of waste, application of green technology, as well as reduction of gas emissions along with reducing the environmental damage done in any form. Supply chain sustainability requires a collaboration of both internal and external partners of the process involved (Cetinkaya,et al. 2011). Sustainability in Supply Chain Barloworld Logistics which is in the trucking industry, there is a tremendous benefit in considering sustainability in its operations. The green movement of the company has been the first green trailer for which the company did not rely on any truck manufacturer rather pushed the initiative on their own. The Green Trailer has the capacity to reduce the carbon footprint by 14 tons in 6 months and save the fuel by 7-10%. The attention these days to corporate responsibility along with sustainable development is increasing and green supply chain management activities have gained a lot of it. These green trailers if incorporated in the supply chain have a lot of benefits (www.fleetwatch.co.za/, 2010), such as: These trucks give the firms a competitive advantage over other firms. The reduction of energy and fuel also add to the benefits in reducing the cost. Reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions in distribution activities contributes to environmental improvements. They present a good picture of the company, creates goodwill when a company is engaged in green practices. Companies that have adopted such green practices and have focused it on implementing those practices in their distribution activities have successfully improved their business and environmental performance. The business is able to better differentiate in their distribution service, manage the risk, increase sales and also create goodwill in the market all the while by also reducing distribution cost. In this specific case, for Barloworld Logistics, they would have the advantage of the monthly saving of over AED 4250, along with contributing in reducing their environmental impact. SkySails GmbH takes wind power to the next level. This company is a leader and innovator in the field of automated towing kite systems and is the first company in the world that has successfully developed kite technology into an industrial application. The company has large and fully automated kites that are the key technology through which the energy is generated from high-altitude winds (Levinson, 2016). This kind of innovation represents next generation of wind power. Benefits of such initiatives and incorporating them in the supply chain of the organization would have the following benefits: Wind is Powerful, unlimited and free along with being the cheapest and greenest source of energy on the high seas Use of wind as a source of power will lower the fuel costs along with reducing the levels of emissions. This system can be installed as auxiliary propulsion systems on existing as well as new builds. It is efficient, very safe in use along with being easy. It will reduce the operating costs reason being that it is cheaper than oil Flying towing kites also generates 25 times more energy than the conventional sails propulsion systems. It is considered as a great environmental practice in the shipping industry that will lower the greenhouse gas emissions, also reduce the fuel consumption and costs (skysails.info, 2016). This practice should be incorporated in the supply chain of organizations that use ocean transportation, because shipping industry approximately supports 90% of the international physical trade of the world (www.skysails.info, 2016). Wal-Mart, the company has been phenomenal in incorporating green initiatives in its operations. The company uses renewable sources of energy for approx 26% in its running functions, along with making some goals in reducing the global problem of food wastage. The company has also reduced its greenhouse gas emissions from its supply chain; this has reduced their energy usage along with costs. The company also has reportedly reduced its water consumption and recycles and reuses approx 34% of the water in store operations. The company has taken numerous initiatives in incorporating green initiatives in its operations and supply chain management. The supply chain managers have to set realistic goals to attain sustainability in their operations and development. Companies adopting sustainable approach will not only focus on strengthening their relations with buyer and sellers but will also engage in creating benefits for the both. The managers have to identify efficiencies through which their operations could be improved and operations become more sustainable. Sustainable supply chain will have the following benefits. It will reduce the consumption of energy, water, raw materials and the facilities used in supplying. It will reduce the carbon footprint of the company as well as will manage risk well. The routes for purchase and delivery of goods will be optimized. The work conditions would be improved and the internal systems will be managed better (Supply Chain Logistics Association Canada, Green Supply Chain 2008 Survey, 2008). Overall, sustainable supply chain, as seen in the above three cases, will provide the company with long term benefits such as goodwill, competitive edge over other market players along with environmental benefits for the company. Sustainability is a realistic ambition for the supply chain managers and such initiatives should be incorporated to the maximum in the operations of the company (BSR, 2011). Different Types of Waste in Logistics and Supply Chain There are seven types of waste in lean manufacturing, they are, transport, inventory, motion, waiting, over-processing, over production and defects (Interieri, 2013). Type of Wastage in the Case of Barloworld Logistics To achieve lean environment the company has to avoid excessive movement of goods, this would imply as the wastage of resources such as time, energy and would also incur cost to the company. Another wastage that could take place in the company could be motion, since in the logistics industry workers are required to conduct some extra motion, this excessive than usual motion could sometime result in the worker being injured at the workplace, which was not even required for the job. This type of wastage should be avoided by the company Type of Wastage in the Case of SkySails GmbH The company should focus on eliminating the waste in terms of applying lean logistics policy, i.e. it should specify the value of the customer that has to be added along the supply chain, it then needs to map out the value system and identify all process along the network of the supply chain. The processes that does not add or create value to the overall product should be eliminated in this stage, a sensible product flow should be created by the company that will outline all the factors in order to add value to the processes so that it is carried out with minimum interruptions and inventory downtime is maintained. The next should be to establish a customer pull where only the product that is needed by the customers made available across the supply chain (www.mhlnews.com , 2011). Type of Wastage in the Case of Wal-Mart The company should avoid the wastage of inventory and defects in its operations. The company should not hold only goods that are not adding any value to the process. It should also make sure that the quality is not deficient in any manner as it would lead to wastage. Conclusion Sustainability in the supply chain will only add value to the company, a supply chain manager has to have a sustainable approach in managing its supply chain operations, it will result in the overall benefit to the company in terms of cost reduction, getting competitive edge over the competitors and moreover improving the picture of the company in terms of reducing the carbon footprints and the environmental damage. The company should adopt lean approach in its operations whether in logistics or in supply chain. Elimination of wastage would help the company in gaining competitive edge and would also improve its profitability and operations. References BSR,(2011) Maximizing Benefits From a Sustainable Supply Chain [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL:https://www.bsr.org/reports/BSR_Maximizing_Benefits_From_A_Sustainable_Supply_Chain.pdf Cetinkaya,B, et al. (2011) Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Practical Ideas for Moving Towards Best Practice. Germany: Springer Science Business Media Interieri, C. (2013). The 7 kinds of waste, and intro to KAIZEN. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: https://cerasis.com/2013/10/07/lean-environment/ Levinson,W. (2016). Lean Management System LMS: 2012: A Framework for Continual Lean Improvement. US: CRC Press. Supply Chain Logistics Association Canada, Green Supply Chain 2008 Survey (2008) Green Supply Chain Management [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: (https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/dsib-logi.nsf/vwapj/pg00032_eng.pdf/$file/pg00032_eng.pdf The Green Supply Chain Editorial Staff (2015) Green Supply Chain News: Walmart is on a Sustainability Mission [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL:https://www.scdigest.com/gsc/NEWS/15-04-30-1.php?cid=9251 www.fleetwatch.co.za/.( 2010) Green Vision Become Reality [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: https://www.fleetwatch.co.za/magazines/Jul2010/12-Green%20vision.htm www.mhlnews.com (2011). Cargills Green Shipping Idea: Go Fly a Kite. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: https://mhlnews.com/global-supply-chain/cargill-s-green-shipping-idea-go-fly-kite www.skysails.info. (2016) Advantages. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL https://www.skysails.info/english/skysails-marine/skysails-propulsion-for-cargo-ships/advantages/ www.skysails.info. (2016) Powerful-Unlimited-free. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL:https://www.skysails.info/english/skysails-marine/skysails-propulsion-for-cargo-ships/

Arctic Wolf or Canis lupus arctos

Arctic Wolf or Canis lupus arctos The Arctic wolf (Canis lupus arctos) is a subspecies of the grey wolf that inhabits the Arctic regions of North America and Greenland. Arctic wolves are also known as polar wolves or white wolves. Appearance Arctic wolves are similar in build to other grey wolf subspecies. They are slightly smaller in size than other grey wolf subspecies and have smaller ears and a shorter nose. The most prominent difference between arctic wolves and other grey wolf subspecies is their all-white coat, which remains white throughout the year. Arctic wolves have a coat of fur that is specially adapted to the extreme cold climate in which they live. Their fur consists of an outer layer of fur that grows thick when the winter months arrive and an inner layer of fur that forms a waterproof barrier close to the skin. Adult Arctic wolves weigh between 75 and 125 pounds. They grow to lengths of between 3 and 6 feet. Arctic wolves have sharp teeth and powerful jaws, characteristics fitting for a carnivore. Arctic wolves can eat large quantities of meat which enables them to survive for the sometimes long periods between prey captures. Climate and Ecosystem Arctic wolves have not been subjected to the intense hunting and persecution that other grey wolf subspecies have. This is due to the fact that arctic wolves inhabit regions that are largely unpopulated by humans. The greatest threat to Arctic wolves is climate change. Climate change has caused a cascade of effects throughout Arctic ecosystems. Climate variations and extremes have altered the composition of Arctic vegetation which has, in turn, had a negative impact on populations of herbivores in the Arctic. This, in turn, has affected populations of Arctic wolf who rely on herbivores for prey. The diet of Arctic wolves consists primarily of muskox, Arctic hares, and caribou. Arctic wolves form packs that can consist of just a few individuals to as many as 20 wolves. The size of the pack varies based on the availability of food. Arctic wolves are territorial but their territories are often large and overlap with the territories of other individuals. They mark their territory with urine. Arctic wolf populations are present in Alaska, Greenland, and Canada. Their greatest population density is in Alaska, with smaller, sparser populations in Greenland and Canada. Arctic wolves are thought to have evolved from a lineage of other canids about 50 million years ago. Scientists believe that Arctic wolves were isolated in very cold habitats during the Ice Age. It was during this time that they developed the adaptations necessary to survive in the extreme cold of the Arctic. Classification Arctic wolves are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Carnivores Canids Arctic wolf References Burnie D, Wilson DE. 2001. Animal. London: Dorling Kindersley. 624 p.

Walker Surname Meaning and Origin

Walker Surname Meaning and Origin Walker is an occupational surname for a fuller, or one who originally walked on raw, damp cloth in order to shrink and thicken it. Derived from the Middle English walkcere, meaning a fuller of cloth, and the Old English wealcan, to walk or tread. Walker is the 28th most popular surname in the United States and the 15th most common in England. Surname Origin:   English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:   WALLKER, WALKAR, WALKERE   Where in the World is the WALKER  Surname Found? The Walker surname is mainly characteristic of the midlands and of the north of England, according to  surname distribution data from  Forebears, especially in Yorkshire, where it ranks 5th, as well as Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire, Durham and Lancashire. Based on their data, Walker ranks as the 18th most common surname in England, 14th in Australia, 12th in New Zealand, 21st in Scotland and 25th in the United States. WorldNames PublicProfiler  identifies  the Walker surname as most common in East Riding of Yorkshire, England, followed by the regions of middle and northern England and southern Scotland.   Famous People with the Surname WALKER: George F. Walker - Canadian playwrightCharles D. Walker - American astronautDorothy Walker Bush - mother of the 41st U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and grandmother of the 43rd U.S. President George W. BushHerschel Walker - American football playerMary Edwards Walker - American activistWilliam Walker - American adventurer, filibuster and soldier; President of Nicaragua (1856-1857).Alice Walker - African American novelist and author of The Color Purple.Craven Walker - Inventor of the lava lamp. Genealogy Resources for the Surname WALKER: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Common English Surnames Their MeaningsExplore the meanings and origins of the 100 most common English surnames. Walker Family History ProjectThis site is dedicated to collecting and recording genealogical information about Walker ancestors worldwide, and includes a number of online databases. John Walker Family OrganizationFamily history of the descendants of Robert Walker and Sarah Leager who came from England to Boston via the Winthrop Fleet of 1630. Walker Surname DNA ProjectOver 500 Walkers from around the world have joined together to establish a database of Walker DNA haplotypes to determine which Walker lineages share a common ancestor. FamilySearch - WALKER GenealogyExplore over 10 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Walker surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WALKER Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Walker surname. DistantCousin.com - WALKER Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Walker. Walker Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Walker ancestors, or post your own Walker query. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.    Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

European Union Law, Final Referred Course Work Essay

European Union Law, Final Referred Course Work - Essay Example However, Article 230 names the Member States, the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission as privileged applicants, who have the right to attack any act. It further names the Court of Auditors and the European Central Bank as institutions who may invoke Article 230 as a matter of course but only to protect their own prerogative powers. All other persons are termed non-privileged applicants. The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate the Community approach to determining locus standi of individuals as non-privileged applicants against to challenge the validity of Regulations in particular. As mentioned above, the Article 230 method of challenge hinges on the Community act being amenable to review. In the case of Parti Ecologiste ‘Les Verts V. Parliament2 it was held that â€Å"Article 230 (ex173) †¦ makes a direct action available against â€Å"all measures adopted by institutions†¦ which are intended to have legal effects†3. Furthermore, the relevant piece of Community legislation must have legal effects and satisfy the requirement of being a â€Å"reviewable act† to be amenable to challenge under Article 230. For example, in the case of Cimenteries v Commission4 it was reiterated that measures which create legal effects are subject to review under Article 230. Additionally, in the case of Parliament v Council5 it was held that an act must be implemented by one of the Community institutions in order to be amenable to review under Article 230. Moreover, in the case of Commission v BASF6 it was held that â€Å"acts tainted by an irregularity whose gravity is so obvious that it cannot be tolerated by the Community legal order†7 will be subject to review under Article 230. Any party seeking a review under Article 230 must have locus standi and national governments will have privileged application locus standi and can challenge any measures adopted by

The role of SCADA in Distribution Management Systems Research Paper

The role of SCADA in Distribution Management Systems - Research Paper Example This paper entails an investigation of the role of SCADA in Distribution Management System (DMS) with regard to the way distribution companies are moving more and more to completely automate the supervision and control of substations. The Al Ain Distribution Company (AADC) has been known to be highly advanced in the area. Generally, effective distribution network operations give way to better management of power flow throughout a given network as well as optimal sources and loads utilization. DMS system is essential is essential in ensuring effectiveness of distribution system operations through the enhancement of routine monitoring of networks, location of faults and their restoration, as well as facilitating the planning of network requirements besides establishing the foundation for future initiatives. Organizations with SCADA are definitely understood as having computerized systems that allows whatever is happening in other locations outside the organizations to be managed without having to be physically present. Only distributed communication/signal is used. In many case, the automated system signals the central management on anything wrong or regarding any changes in the distant projects being controlled from a centralized location. It does this by utilizing its capacity and technological capability to control a large number of devices simultaneously. Most of the distribution systems and their respective utilities within organizations make use of information technology solutions through outage management systems (OMSs). The OMSs on the other hand use other systems such as Customer information System, Geographical Information System, and Interactive Voice Response Systems. OMSs make use of a network connectivity model or component of the existing distribution system. With the combination of the outage calls locations with the location knowledge of the control device on the

Outline of Movements in Art

Outline of Movements in Art Introduction Art has given generations complex lessons in exquisiteness, horror, and respect. Art has inspired some to delve further into their minds than they ever have. Art evokes many emotions; it terrifies and pleasures, calms and arouses, and can serve to bring light on the inner mechanisms of politics and inspirations. Art is, was, and will always be an outlet that provides insight into the mind and soul. Renaissance (1300 1600 C.E.) The Renaissance period was considered a growing concern with the natural world, the individual, and humanitys worldly existence (Kleiner, 2014, p. 406). The translation of Renaissance means rebirth, so this era was described as a rebirth of the fascination in the classical periods of Greece and Rome, symbolized by medieval disquiet of the previous era. The Renaissance period encompassed the belief of humanism, or a code of civil conduct, a theory of education, and a scholarly discipline [rather] than a philosophical system (Kleiner, 2014, p. 407). Commercialization also began in the Renaissance, as feudalistic period ended and expansion started to begin. The importance of religion also began to decline due to the world changing views. The more people learned and endured, the less they relied on religion to comprehend their world. This era was characterized by a more true-to-life approach on the subject matter, techniques using perspective and foreshortening gave the illusion of being three dimensional. New oil paint blends were created, which let the artist use oil on canvas, which was considerably easier to work with than coloring on wet plaster. Individualism (showing singular people), secularism (less church-related), classicism (a revert back to the techniques of ancient Greece and Rome), nature (outdoor and rustic scenes), anatomy (defined and specific human forms), linear perspective (how things seemed to the onlooker with relation to the other), realism (visual precision of the piece), depth (light and shading used to give the illusion of three dimensional art), blue backgrounds (helped create depth), and symmetry (balancing proportions) were all obvious during the Renaissance period. Artwork iconic to the Renaissance Tiziano Vecellio (1488-1576). Boy with a Bird [Oil on Canvas; 34.9 cm x 48.9 cm]. Not on Display Raphael (Raffaello Santi) (1483-1520). An Allegory (Vision of a Knight) [oil on poplar; 17.1 cm x 17.3 cm]. The National Gallery Baroque (1600 1750 C.E) The Baroque era developed as a direct revolt against the rigidity of classicism. The Baroque era was emboldened by the Catholic Church in order to link themes to religious righteousness and to appeal to newly changing societies. This era gave the Church optimism it could stay immersed within its residents. The wealthy viewed the Baroque style as a means of amazing visitors, as well as a means to express their personal power, wealth and achievements. Baroque art is characterized by its richness, extravagant subjects and the attention to detail that showed emotionalism. Exuberance and opulence were commonly connected to the Baroque style, with a focused intention to appeal to all the senses. The chiaroscuro technique is also a significant style of the Baroque period, this method relates to the interaction between light and shadow to create very intense and differed atmospheres. In architecture, spiral columns, towering domes, and massiveness and monumentality were hallmarks of the Baroque period. Artwork iconic to the Baroque period Meindert Hobbema. (1662). The Watermill with the Great Red Roof [oil on canvas; 81.3 cm x 110 cm]. Art Institute Chicago. Adriaen van der Spelt (1658). Tromp-lOeil Still Life with a Flower Garland and a Curtain [oil on panel; 46.5 cm x 63.9 cm]. Art Institute Chicago Romanticism (1750 1870 C.E.) Like its name, the era of Romanticism leaned more toward the whimsical, the discovery of the emotional side of the human psyche, a direct revolt against the rigid nature of the Renaissance or the ostentatious Baroque periods. Romanticism also evolved as a reaction to the Industrial revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, in which science began to justify and classify nature. To be free of conventional life lead to more emphasis on the individual. The retreat from the here and now lead to a bigger interest in landscapes, the emotional expression and imagination, and the splendor that could be found in past. This period was the inlet for artwork that expressed human emotion; wonder, shock, and horror. According to Isaiah Berlin (1999), this era represented a new and restless spirit, seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms, a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness a search after means of expressing and unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals (p. 92). Usually characterized by bright and vibrant colors, or paler and darker colors that are that are blended to make the image softer to draw focus to nature, instead of man-made objects. Mistiness is also used, to give a more dream-like feel to the piece, through the use of more pensive brushstrokes. Moods, heroes, brilliance, obscurity, passion, the exotic, and even the satanic were all part of the Romantic era. Artwork iconic to the Romantic era Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault (1819). La Radeau de la Medusa [oil on canvas; 491.5 cm x 716.5 cm]. Musà ©e du Louvre, Paris. Thà ©odore Gericault (1818). Evening: Landscape with an Aqueduct [oil on canvas; 250.2 cm x 219.7 cm]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Impressionism (1870 1900 C.E.) Impressionism can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting, and was often done outdoors. It was a movement about painting to capture the momentary, sensory effect of a scene, and often portrayed things in nature that could not have been painted in a traditional setting. The goal of Impressionism was to create original works of art that was based on the subject matter and the natural setting. Impressionism is characterized by loosened brushstrokes that use pure, intense color that gave the piece an unfinished appearance, which was seen as almost amateurish the prominence of changing light conditions, and basic subject matter. Rather than neutral white, grays, and blacks, Impressionists often rendered shadows and highlights in color. The artists loose brushwork gives an effect of spontaneity and effortlessness (Samu, 2004). Artwork iconic to Impressionism Claude Monet (1891) Haystacks (Effects if snow and sun) [Oil on canvas; 65.4 x 92.1 cm]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Claude Monet. (1891). The Four Trees [oil on canvas; 91.9 cm x 81.6 cm]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Modernism (1900 1945 C.E.) Modernism was the complete rejection of the Victorian Era, giving in to a search for new ways to express oneself. Encouraged by the progressively realistic influence of industrialization and urbanization, including the influence of World War I and its results, Modernism strived to reach reclamation and renewal after the destruction that shattered lives and broke nations. Modernism is characterized by vivid colors and intangible concepts, repeatedly creating artwork with a broken or slanted appearance. Similar to Impressionism, Modernist artists used what they saw to paint the spirit of the subject, often with very loose foundation in reality. Sometimes the art consisted of color splashed onto a canvas. Artwork iconic to Modernism JoAnn Verburg (1991). Still Life with Serial Killers [Chromogenic color print; 49.7 cm x 70.4 cm]. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Richard Lindner (1966). Checkmate [Cut-and-pasted papers, watercolor, pencil, crayon, and ink on paper; 60.6 cm x 45. cm]. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco. Conclusion Art is life, the expression of the intimate, the soul given life. Art is a living, breathing, progressing work, frequently seeking new possibilities of being born. From the Renaissance to the current day, art has changed with times, given voice to the voiceless, and hope to those who lost hope. References Berlin, I. (1999). The roots of romanticism. London: Chatto and Windus. Kleiner, F. S. (2014). Gardners art through the ages: The western perspective (14th ed., Vol. II). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Samu, M. (2004). Impressionism: Art and modernity. The Metropolitan Museum, New York. Retrieved July 3, 2016 from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm.

Assault Written Assessment

Priyanka Thirumurti Mrs. Harris Language A HL 1 – Written Assessment 2/25/13 Question: How is the incident on page five a metaphor for Anton’s quest throughout the novel? In the prologue of the Assault, Harry Mulisch broadly foreshadows the entirety of the novel through an underlying, quintessential theme that provides great insight into human nature.The image of the solitary man depicted in the opening scene reveals the generalized theme of an unchanging continuity between the past, present, and future that in the protagonist’s case, can only be broken by the will and/or desire to endure pain by dealing with and forgetting the past; an ordeal that serves as a comparison to Anton’s quest of self discovery thoughout the novel. Tying this universal theme with the characterization of Anton, Mulisch portrays how the protagonist’s identity is significantly based on his[Anton] childhood experiences, which reveals his[Anton] curious and innocent nature.Ant on’s innocence is revealed through his thought process: â€Å"Anton used to think that Carefree meant a place where cares entered freely, not a place free from cares†(3). Only a child would note nuances in words to give them more meaning. Anton’s inclination to make literal, child-like observations about his surroundings factors his approaches to situations in his later life, including his outward display of defiance to accept his own mistakes when confronted with the truth. In addition, in the aftermath of World War II Anton speculates on retrieving a capsule replete with knowledge: â€Å"Inside the capsule. . be of interest long before then? †(11)Anton’s curiosity reflects his potential because of his thirst for knowledge. The protagonist’s thirst for knowledge and child-like naivety remain with him, setting the stage for hardships and adversity in his future. For example, after the heart wrenching incident in which Anton is separated from his parents, his child-like curiosity leads him to discover his own weakness; â€Å"It was much more painful. . . wrists crossed under his chin†(28).Unable to defend his family, Anton puts much blame on his inability to take care of his family without fully realizing his duty as a child. As Anton grows he encounters many more hardships that he is unable to handle without fully realizing his duty as a child and with the maturity his age implies. For instance, when Mrs. Beumer invites him his attention drifts to his surroundings and he avoids many of the questions through a tangential thought process that is his undoing. Making his life much more difficult than it should be, Anton shares a likeness with the man on the barge in the prologue of the novel.Similar to the way the man â€Å"planted the stick sideways in the bottom of the canal, grasped it firmly, and walked backwards†(5) Anton uses an equally difficult means of handling situations— deliberate evasion. By taking the path less traveled by, Anton finds himself living in stasis though recurring episodes of past memories that hinder his psychological development. The death of his brother, Peter Steenwijk, and that of his father and mother caused him great suffering as he made transitions from childhood to adolescence and finally to adulthood.When Anton returns to Harlem, his home and the general setting remind him of the painful past, which he leaves behind without any semblance of peace, but only of disturbance and uncertainty:â€Å"Care, care†¦It was wartime, one big disaster, my family was murdered, and I stayed alive†(117). His perceived ignorance reflects on his complex characterization. The actual events diminish in impact, but they still remain in his memory and affect him to such an extent that he decides to become an anesthesiologist, an irony in and of itself.This pattern of stasis can be directly related to the motion of the man on the barge because he stays in the same place as barge moves through the water as Anton’s development remains stagnant although he changes physically. Similar to the stage of denial portrayed by the Kubler Ross theory, Anton lives in denial, exemplifying the â€Å"action† of staying in one place and not moving forward, without directly showing or accepting, even to himself, any signs of stagnant behavior.To comfort himself, Anton blames his surroundings for his problems: â€Å"The cypresses were flames of black fre. . . Something was wrong with the world, not with him†(156). This type of erratic behavior suggests that Anton is stymied from moving forward because of physiological symptoms of events in his past that causes him suffering, which is also connected to his perception of the world around him. The use of strong diction such as â€Å"flames† and â€Å"black fire† evoke an ominous tone that can be related to Anton’s fear of his own health, which only worsens as time progresses.For instance, when Anton goes to the beach with his family, after having successfully attained his position as an assistant anesthesiologist he goes into a lengthy daze during which he loses his sense of time: â€Å"He himself was floating like a dot at its center, in an empty, rose-colored space that was rapidly receding from the world†(127). The â€Å"floating dot†(127) and the â€Å"solitary man on the barge†(5) are similar in that they emulate the sense of strangeness that the prologue indicates: â€Å"There was something very strange about it but it was his secret that he didn’t mention to anyone. The secret is revealed through Mulisch’s use of metaphor and diction, with words such as floating and receding, to indicate a lapse in Anton’s thought process that takes him back to his simple, carefree lifestyle, but simultaneously urges the reader to think about Anton’s position and how the past, present and future are al l tied together to make a cohesive whole that is Anton’s life up to the climax of his psychological development.As time progresses, Anton’s perception of time becomes skewed as his mental health gradually deteriorates and as his patience decreases. For example, when given the antidote for his troubles Anton angrily refuses: â€Å"The doctor also left a prescription. . . but Anton tore it at once†(156).In addition, â€Å"He felt tired and depressed, nightmares troubled his sleep, and the minute he woke up he was plagued with worries and anxieties† The repercussions of the traumatic events of his childhood continue to cause Anton pain, a motif that plays a big role in his characterization as someone who reminisces too much for his/her own good, and so the action of grasping a stick firmly, as stated in the incident in the prologue, can be related to Anton’s method of dealing with the past by holding on to memories steadfastly such as the memory of Tr uus Coster ingrained in his brain.Finally, as Anton reaches self-acceptance by letting people into his life he is able to see the light in the midst of the dark which Mulisch reveals through the use of characterization and theme. As Anton learns to listen to other people like Cor Takes and Karin he learns to appreciate the people, things and places that hold true meaning and value. For example, Anton and Cor Takes, two grown men, start crying after a funeral: â€Å"When Anton saw Take’s tears he begun to weep himself. . . They must have been surprised to see two grown men so much affected by the death of a friend†(120). The emotional climax between Cor Takes and Anton reveals the extent to which memories of people, specifically that of Truus Coster, can affect the stability of two grown men. It also reveals the universal theme that emotion speaks across differences, including age, experience, and maturity. Karin, by far had the greatest impact on Anton’s return to normal life because she revealed the most important truth behind Anton’s past: ‘Tonny, there’s something I have to tell you†¦My God the lizards! ’†(181).The contradiction between the complicated repercussions of such a simple accident portrays the shocking truth, which serves as a comparison to the incident in the prologue. Anton describes the solitary man’s primitive means of travel by saying, â€Å"Only in movies about Africa or Asia could one still see such things† which juxtaposes the complicated V shaped ripples caused by the more modern motorboats, representing the ease of travel. The metaphor indicates a very important aspect of the characterization of Anton – someone who took the hard path in life rather than the easier path, which ultimately depends on perspective.In essence, Anton and the solitary man on the barge share specific characteristics that give the novel meaning and substance, including Anton’s determination to evade his past without any destination and the solitary man’s invariable consistent approach to travel. Despite their differences, including Anton’s inability to see past his own perspective and the traveler’s primitive ways, both individuals portray the theme of continuity and self-centered nature that any reader could relate to, giving the novel itself much more depth and value. Word Count: 1463 Works Cited Mulisch, Harry. The Assault. New York: Pantheon, 1985. Print.

1984 – a dystopian novel

1984 is a dystopian novel about the society of the future. Writing in 1948, he images Britain forty years in the future as a totalitarian dictatorship which combines elements of both Communism and Fascism in a powerful, omniscient police-state, based on terror. The story takes place in a totalitarian state called Oceania. The world has been divided up by Oceania and two other states, Eastasia and Eurasia. The post-war world is governed by power groups alternatively at war with one another. After the revolution, the establishment has been replaced by a dictatorship, whose leader is BB. In his features and look, BB clearly recalls Stalin, and the fact that his face is depicted everywhere is a denunciation of the cult of personality, typical in all dictatorships. Trying to control the thoughts of every citizen, the authorities rewrite history, changing events. The hero, Winston Smith, is an intellectual and rebels against this world and begins to dream of destroying the system. The description of London, capital of Oceania, in the first chapter of the book, is similar to wartime London. The environment recalls bomb-damaged London in 1948. The influence of WW2 is clearly evident; it is a nightmare that still haunts the population. Personal freedom is restricted because Oceania is in a permanent state of war and everyone is potentially a traitor. The only chance of survival is by showing obedience to the Party's orthodoxy and complete devotion to the cult of BB. Everybody is constantly watched and the use of language modified to try and crush independent, individual, autonomous thought, so that the Party will at last be in control of the whole inner being of every man. Winston Smith (whose name is a symbol: Winston stands for Churchill, and Smith is a common surname, making him a stereotype of every man) works for the Ministry of Truth, but he doesn't accept its fanatic attitude so he keeps a diary and falls in love with a girl called Julia. He makes friend with O'Brien, his superior in the Ministry of Truth, because he believes he is against the system as well. However, O'Brien turns out to be a party man who has Winston captured. Winston is the last man in BB's dictatorship who tries to keep control of his inner self, but he is arrested because his love story to Julia is illegal and mentally and physically tortured until he loses his mental integrity. When he is rehabilitated and finally released he has been turned into a robot just like all the others. He has not only understood and accepted party doctrine, he has even come to love Big Brother. The structure of the novel recalls a tragedy because it is divided into three parts: in Part 1, Winsto n tries to be free, in Part 2, when he is about to fulfil his dream, his hopes are crushed, and in Part 3, he surrenders to the system and loses his humanity. Orwell gives a description of the political system of totalitarianism. In 1984 he described the methods used to control thought, to invade privacy and break down personal resistance. The totalitarian state tries to control the thoughts of citizens through language to limit the danger of independent thought. The use of language in 1984 is especially important because Orwell shows how every concept is turned into its exact opposite by the Party, bringing out a satiric effect and tragic irony. So the Ministry of Truth only tells lies, the Ministry of Peace is concerned with war and the language is contracted, taking out all creativity from its use, much as it happens today with mobile phones. The three irrational slogans of the Party are particularly meaningful because they reveal the ideals the party is based on, thought control and reversal of concepts. Orwell is concerned with the function of political language and shows that in Oceania words are so corrupted that they now mean their opposite. This implies that once language is controlled anything that the Party doesn't approve is impossible. Thus reality is distorted and these distortions alter the human perception of the truth. This is similarly the danger hidden in mass media, whose power pervades modern society. Mass media control communication and impose a global view on all aspects of everyday life. That is why the control of mass media is important for the political party in power, because through mass media they can create consensus and alters thought so that everybody comes to think and desire what the Party wants them to think and desire. Therefore communication becomes manipulation and creates fear, as the dominant faces of BB in posters seem to say. BB IS WATCHING YOU means that everybody is controlled and can't escape. People are alienated, deprived of desires, individuality and interpersonal relationship, so that they can't but be obedient to the ruling party. So the media in the world created by Orwell in 1984 have a double function: to control human thought so that it comes to comply with the Party's wish and keep watch on people everywhere and at any time. Subject to constant surveillance, citizens never try to rebel or escape. Terror is used to monitor and control people's thoughts, feelings and actions. Orwell was politically committed and 1984 shows how precious and fragile human freedom is. In a period of social unrest, unemployment, economic depression and Nazi expansion, he turned to left-wing ideals and he went to fight for the Republican forces in the Spanish war. The experience in Spain made him aware of the political threats that could destroy left-wing ideals; he was horrified of the result of Realpolitik. He was particularly concerned with the tragic development of communist ideals through Stalin's dictatorship in the USSR. Orwell was disappointed by Socialism and believed that the writer should be independent. As a matter of fact, though he was a socialist, he was very critical of a Socialism which was detached from the reality and the needs of the working class it is supposed to represent. One of the most outstanding features is the close connection between his political views and his writing. Orwell believed that the writer was a spokesman for the moral conscience of society and his duty was to denounce social evils. The influence of Dickens is shown in his choice of social themes and the use of realistic language because he used a simple, direct style. He believed in tolerance and justice and warned against the dangers of totalitarianism and thought control. He criticized totalitarianism, warning against the violation of personal freedom. 1984 shows a prophetic picture of the dangers caused by totalitarian dictatorships which annihilate individuality and justice. He wanted to warn readers against tyranny. The world described in 1984 is a nightmare. The party has absolute control, rebellion is punished with prison and torture. He showed his concern for the quality of life, human dignity and creativity; in his opinion, these qualities are threatened by the prevailing trend in modern society, where mass media control human actions, tastes and choices. He had a pessimistic view of the masses, because he believed they could be easily manipulated through language. BB's dictatorship controlled thought, invaded personal privacy through microphones and tele-screens and broke down all attempts at resisting by brain-washing people. Moreover the strategies of the Party control not only the present and the future but also the past, by re-writing history. Winston's job in the Ministry of Truth is to alter historical records to eliminate all memories of past events and adapt them to party policy when they are inconsistent with party doctrine. Orwell's assumption is that a totalitarian state controls the thought of citizens through language to limit the dangers of independent thought. This is still true today because mass media are potentially dangerous, as they break down individuality and independent ideas by crushing imagination with conformity. 1984 is a picture of how the political system can suppress individuality and make man inhuman. Through science fiction he depicts a future world in such a realistic way as to make it very credible. The main character's will and body are broken into total submission, leaving no hope in the future of freedom, non-conformism and use of individual reason. Orwell's final conclusion of 1984's nightmarish plot is that totalitarian powers destroy human nature and men are hopelessly overwhelmed by oppressive political forces.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and the American Dream

The Great Gatsby and the American Dream Websters dictionary describes the American dream as the widespread aspiration of Americans to live better than their parents did. F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby is a literary masterpiece that takes a fascinating look at the nature of the American dream that made its fiery inception during the American War of Independence 1776-83 when it became the central theme of the American Declaration of Independence. In short, it stated, we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by God, Creator, with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness (Dream 1). Through the voice of the†¦show more content†¦The American society was largely composed of white, Anglo Saxons who wished to uphold their dominant race (17), and thus they sought to subdue others who were ethnically different. Toms statement Its up to us who are the dominant race to watch out or these other races will have control (17) contrasted sharply with the vision of the American dream that the founding fathers of America foresaw. The founding principles of the America dream guaranteed all people freedom from oppression and all were seen as equal before God. The Declaration of Independence does not declare some men, it says all men (Dream 1) have the right to wealth and happiness. In contrast, the poor, like Gatsby, who seek wealth and happiness, are beaten down (18) by the dominant white society. Fitzgerald refers to the wealthy as a careless people (188) who smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money...and let other people clean up the mess they had made (188). As a result, the unfortunate were despised and trodden under the gilded feet of the rich. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby becomes a strong critic of the abuse of wealth in American society. 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