An Educational Presentation By Caitlin Gibbs - 1314 Words

Yersinia pestis An educational presentation by Caitlin Gibbs General Outline Covering: ï‚ § History and Relevance ï‚ § Biological Characteristics ï‚ § Pathogenesis ï‚ § Detection Not covering ï‚ § Its use as a biological warfare agent The Plague Considered by many to be the greatest pandemic in the history of the world, the Plague is a disease that has ‘plagued’ the world for over a millennia. Three major pandemics recorded throughout history— claimed an estimated 200 million lives. History of the Plague The First Pandemic ï‚ § First recorded history of the plague, was the Plague of Justinian between 541 – 542 AD. ï‚ § Began in Pelusium, Egypt, after arriving from Ethiopia. ï‚ § Quickly spread through the Middle East and Mediterranean basin ï‚ § Eventually affected all the known world— o 25 million deaths during the pandemic o Up to 50 million deaths total over the next 250 years until 700 AD. Slowly spread from Central Asia, to the west via trade routes between 1330 and 1346. The Second Pandemic ï‚ § Its arrival in Sicily in 1346 brought the start of the Second Pandemic, known as the Black Death. ï‚ § During 1346 to 1353 it killed between 17 and 28 million Europeans, which was about 30 to 40% of the population. ï‚ § Further epidemics continued across the globe until the mid 17th century. o The biggest pandemic in history with over 100 million deaths. o Killed 30% of the world’s population. The Third Plague Pandemic (AKA The Modern Pandemic) ï‚ § Started in 1855 in the Chinese province of Yunnan. ï‚ § By

Company Profile Of The Hershey Company - 1237 Words

Introduction The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation (and commonly called Hershey’s), is the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America. Its headquarters are in Hershey, PA. Founded in 1894, the company is 120 years old and enjoys the benefits associated with a mature business cycle; strong corporate culture, brand recognition, customer loyalty, etc. This paper analyzes the business in a number of ways to explain how Hershey’s has endured and some issues it overcame to remain a global leader in chocolate and sugar confectionery and an icon for its chocolate bar. Company Profile The Hershey Chocolate Company was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894, a subsidiary of his Lancaster Caramel Company. Principle product groups include chocolate and sugar confectionery products, gum and mint refreshment products, and pantry items such as baking ingredients, toppings and beverages. Their mission is â€Å"undisputed marketplace leadership† and their vision is â€Å"great people building great brands† (Chadna, A., 2012, p.1). The Hershey Company currently employs 21,000 people worldwide and holds 44.4% of the U.S. chocolate market. Products are sold in 60 countries under 80 brand names including Hershey’s, Reese’s, and Kisses. Additionally, Hershey maintains the right to manufacture and sell competitor’s products such as Kit-Kat bars through licensing agreements with foreign Nestle and the former Cadbury Schweppes, now a part of Kraft foods.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Acc 504965 Words   |  4 Pagesdownload in Doc S haring. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2012 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided at their websites. A sample project template is available for download in Doc Sharing. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2012 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided at their websites. Description This course contains a Course ProjectRead MoreMarketing Is Discovering And Satisfying Consumer Needs1116 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumers to like this product was its delicious taste and texture which made the Hershey’s Canada to re launch the product with an aggressive market strategy. Question #2 (6 Marks) Hershey’s Marketing manager thought it important not only to profile the target audience demographics, but also other segmentation variables. Explain why it is a good idea to consider consumer behaviour and lifestyle segmentation variables. To identify the behaviour of the consumer towards the product, its helps toRead MoreComparative Analysis of Kohl and J.Cpenny Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesWord format. http://ir.jcpenney.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=70528p=irol-sec A sample Project template is available for download in Doc Sharing. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2009 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided in Appendix A and Appendix B of your textbook. Description This course contains a course project where you will be required to submit one draft of the Project at the end of Week 5 and the finalRead MoreMy Career And Personal Study Of Leadership940 Words   |  4 PagesMotor Company, Milton Hershey founder of The Hershey Chocolate Company, Jack Welsh former Chairman and CEO of General Electric, and Lee Iacocca former CEO of Chrysler. All of these leaders are well known and would make excellent candidates for a leadership profile. Instead, I chose John Hand former operations executive of Georgia Pacific Corporation. John Hand is a self made man who came from humble beginning. Orphaned at the age of two years, he was raised and educated at the Milton Hershey SchoolRead MoreCourse: Financial Ratios and Ratio1201 Words   |  5 Pageshttp://www.microsoft.com/investor/SEC/default.aspx?year=2011amp;amp;filing=annual A sample Project template is available for download in Doc Sharing. The sample project compares the ratio performance of Tootsie Roll and Hershey using the 2009 financial statements of Tootsie Roll and Hershey provided in Appendix A and Appendix B of your textbook.    |    | Description | |    |    | This course contains a course project where you will be required to submit one draft of the Project at the end of WeekRead MoreEvaluating The Confectionary Industry Within The United States820 Words   |  4 Pages1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following report was created with the purpose of examining the confectionary industry within the United States (US) in order to identify a new product to be introduced to The Hershey Company’s (Hershey’s) existing line of products. This report is focused around a SWOT analysis and based on its findings, recommendations were made to finalise the new product and to determine how it will fit into the market. The results obtained from the analysis resulted in the creation ofRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning (Erp) Failure1527 Words   |  7 Pages It analyzes the reasons for the failures as well as the lessons to be learned so other organizations can avoid similar scenarios. ERP Implementation Failures A Review of Three High-Profile ERP Implementation Failures In August 2004, US-based HP, a top computer hardware and information technology company, announced that revenues from its Enterprise Servers and Storage (ESS) segment for the third quarter had declined by 5% to $3.4 billion compared to the previous year. HP indicated that theRead MoreHershey Case Study3050 Words   |  13 PagesCase 1: Hershey Christopher Dobbins MBA 710 July 24th, 2012 Dr. Moscato Introduction to Hershey Hershey Foods Corporation is number one in the confectionary foods market. Although many people associate Hershey with chocolate, the company started when founder Milton Hershey decided to produce caramel in 1894.They are most famous for their major candy brands such as Hershey s, Reese s, Kit Kat, Kisses, Twizzlers, Jolly Rancher etc. However, Hershey also sells grocery products including: bakingRead MoreMy Career And Personal Study Of Leadership1528 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 1 – Developing a Leadership Profile During the course of my career and personal study of leadership practice, I have had the good fortune of becoming acquainted with a number of leaders whom I admire. When considering a choice for this paper, a number of strong leaders from a wide range of backgrounds came to mind. I considered Alan Mulally, former CEO of Ford Motor Company, Jack Welsh former Chairman and CEO of General Electric, and Paul Downes President and CEO of Mountaire Farms, and LeeRead MoreNestle : A Company For The Creation Of Popular Brands Essay885 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginating from Vevey, Switzerland is a well-known company for the creation of popular brands such as; Allen’s, Maggie, Uncle Tobies and Milo just to name a few. Nestle S.A covers the product market of baby foods, bottled water, cereals, chocolate and confectionery, coffee, culinary, chilled and frozen foods, dairy products, drinks, food service, healthcare nutrition products, ice creams, pet care products, and weight management s ervice. (MarketLine Company Profile, Nestle S. A, October 2015). Nestle sells

Latin History Free Essays

MEXICO ECONOMY Mexico is located in North America and known as United Mexican States. It consists of thirty-one states and a federal district with the capital of Mexico City. It is most populous city in the Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Latin History or any similar topic only for you Order Now The GDP is $1.149 trillion and per capital income is $11,249. the income per capita is $7.310. It is 12th largest economy in the world as measured in Gross Domestic product. The GDP real growth rate is 4.8%. The average annual GDP growth during 1972 to 1981 was 5.5% whereas during 1981-1986 it was only 1.5%. The GDP’s main share is from services 69.4% and the industry captured 26.7%. From Agriculture it is only 3.9%.   The public debt is 23.3% of GDP. Mexico is highly dependent on exports to the United States. The quarter share of the country’s GDP is based on the exports to the United States. Hence the Mexican economy is strongly linked with the U.S. business. The 1994-year is Mexico’s bad year. Of course it starts with acceptance of NAFTA in the year beginning with United States and Canada and ends with dark Christmas with peso devaluation. During the year there are many political problems like Chiapas rebellion, assignations of political leaders. There was such situation the Mexico attacked with the crisis during 1982 and it got recovered by 7 years whereas during 1994 peso devaluation, it takes for 7 months only to get recovery.   During December 19, 1994, the exchange rate is 3.50 pesos per dollar. The consumer demand for goods collapsed. The Mexican interest rate on loans dramatically increased creating a shock in the banking system. Some businesses closed due to increase of market share. The exports increased with high exchange rate TRADE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND UNITED STATES 90% of Mexican trade has been put under free trade agreements with over 40 countries. The North American Free Trade Agreement is significant in this regard. 9% of Mexican exports go to the United States and Canada. And imports recognized 65% from these two countries. The exports to Untied States are 88.4% and imports from United States are 68.4%. Mexico is dependent on trade with United States. The U.S. exports to Mexico include electronic equipment, motor vehicle parts and chemicals and in case of Mexican exports to the United States are Petroleum, cars and electronic equipment. Mexico depends more than on U.S. economy whether it may be good or bad. The NAFTA relation between U.S and Mexico completed more than 10 years. Of course, after the peso devaluation, the Mexico economy become stable, perhaps the United States plays major role. Initially, there was a free trade agreement between Canada and United States called Free Trade Agreement during 1988. Thereafter it was included Mexico and fresh agreement is established in the name of NAFTA. It is trilateral agreement. It is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico. The agreement indicates elimination of tariffs of the produced traded in the respective nations i.e. United States, Canada and Mexico. It is planned to phase out tariffs over a period 15 years. Besides the restrictions were said to be removed from many categories, which includes motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. MEXICO POLITICAL The type of government is Federal republic. Representing political parties are Institutional Revolutionary Party, National Action Party, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Green Ecological Party, Labor party and several small parties. The politics of Mexico are dominated by the three political parties in Mexico i.e. National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The recent federal presidential elections were held on July 2, 2006. President Zedillo and president Fox continued with trade liberalization and several FTAs were signed with Latin American and European countries. Thus Mexico became one of the most open countries in the world of trade. Most Important reform during President Fox period is implementation of Freedom of Information laws. With this effect Mexico City and 26 states supposed to fight against corruption. Hence Mexico becomes international model by usage of FOIA laws and enforcement mechanisms. REFERENE: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html http://countrystudies.us/mexico/65.htm http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/0,,pagePK:180619~theSitePK:136917,00.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749.htm    How to cite Latin History, Essay examples

Report on Operations and Supply Chain Strategy

Question: Write about theReport on Operations and Supply Chain Strategy. Answer: Introduction Supply chain sustainability is a philosophy that is focused on being socially responsible, to consider the long term profitability by following practices that are good for the environment. Its focus goes beyond delivery, inventory, and traditional views of managing costs. The company following this philosophy can work towards reducing energy cost, any form of waste, application of green technology, as well as reduction of gas emissions along with reducing the environmental damage done in any form. Supply chain sustainability requires a collaboration of both internal and external partners of the process involved (Cetinkaya,et al. 2011). Sustainability in Supply Chain Barloworld Logistics which is in the trucking industry, there is a tremendous benefit in considering sustainability in its operations. The green movement of the company has been the first green trailer for which the company did not rely on any truck manufacturer rather pushed the initiative on their own. The Green Trailer has the capacity to reduce the carbon footprint by 14 tons in 6 months and save the fuel by 7-10%. The attention these days to corporate responsibility along with sustainable development is increasing and green supply chain management activities have gained a lot of it. These green trailers if incorporated in the supply chain have a lot of benefits (www.fleetwatch.co.za/, 2010), such as: These trucks give the firms a competitive advantage over other firms. The reduction of energy and fuel also add to the benefits in reducing the cost. Reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions in distribution activities contributes to environmental improvements. They present a good picture of the company, creates goodwill when a company is engaged in green practices. Companies that have adopted such green practices and have focused it on implementing those practices in their distribution activities have successfully improved their business and environmental performance. The business is able to better differentiate in their distribution service, manage the risk, increase sales and also create goodwill in the market all the while by also reducing distribution cost. In this specific case, for Barloworld Logistics, they would have the advantage of the monthly saving of over AED 4250, along with contributing in reducing their environmental impact. SkySails GmbH takes wind power to the next level. This company is a leader and innovator in the field of automated towing kite systems and is the first company in the world that has successfully developed kite technology into an industrial application. The company has large and fully automated kites that are the key technology through which the energy is generated from high-altitude winds (Levinson, 2016). This kind of innovation represents next generation of wind power. Benefits of such initiatives and incorporating them in the supply chain of the organization would have the following benefits: Wind is Powerful, unlimited and free along with being the cheapest and greenest source of energy on the high seas Use of wind as a source of power will lower the fuel costs along with reducing the levels of emissions. This system can be installed as auxiliary propulsion systems on existing as well as new builds. It is efficient, very safe in use along with being easy. It will reduce the operating costs reason being that it is cheaper than oil Flying towing kites also generates 25 times more energy than the conventional sails propulsion systems. It is considered as a great environmental practice in the shipping industry that will lower the greenhouse gas emissions, also reduce the fuel consumption and costs (skysails.info, 2016). This practice should be incorporated in the supply chain of organizations that use ocean transportation, because shipping industry approximately supports 90% of the international physical trade of the world (www.skysails.info, 2016). Wal-Mart, the company has been phenomenal in incorporating green initiatives in its operations. The company uses renewable sources of energy for approx 26% in its running functions, along with making some goals in reducing the global problem of food wastage. The company has also reduced its greenhouse gas emissions from its supply chain; this has reduced their energy usage along with costs. The company also has reportedly reduced its water consumption and recycles and reuses approx 34% of the water in store operations. The company has taken numerous initiatives in incorporating green initiatives in its operations and supply chain management. The supply chain managers have to set realistic goals to attain sustainability in their operations and development. Companies adopting sustainable approach will not only focus on strengthening their relations with buyer and sellers but will also engage in creating benefits for the both. The managers have to identify efficiencies through which their operations could be improved and operations become more sustainable. Sustainable supply chain will have the following benefits. It will reduce the consumption of energy, water, raw materials and the facilities used in supplying. It will reduce the carbon footprint of the company as well as will manage risk well. The routes for purchase and delivery of goods will be optimized. The work conditions would be improved and the internal systems will be managed better (Supply Chain Logistics Association Canada, Green Supply Chain 2008 Survey, 2008). Overall, sustainable supply chain, as seen in the above three cases, will provide the company with long term benefits such as goodwill, competitive edge over other market players along with environmental benefits for the company. Sustainability is a realistic ambition for the supply chain managers and such initiatives should be incorporated to the maximum in the operations of the company (BSR, 2011). Different Types of Waste in Logistics and Supply Chain There are seven types of waste in lean manufacturing, they are, transport, inventory, motion, waiting, over-processing, over production and defects (Interieri, 2013). Type of Wastage in the Case of Barloworld Logistics To achieve lean environment the company has to avoid excessive movement of goods, this would imply as the wastage of resources such as time, energy and would also incur cost to the company. Another wastage that could take place in the company could be motion, since in the logistics industry workers are required to conduct some extra motion, this excessive than usual motion could sometime result in the worker being injured at the workplace, which was not even required for the job. This type of wastage should be avoided by the company Type of Wastage in the Case of SkySails GmbH The company should focus on eliminating the waste in terms of applying lean logistics policy, i.e. it should specify the value of the customer that has to be added along the supply chain, it then needs to map out the value system and identify all process along the network of the supply chain. The processes that does not add or create value to the overall product should be eliminated in this stage, a sensible product flow should be created by the company that will outline all the factors in order to add value to the processes so that it is carried out with minimum interruptions and inventory downtime is maintained. The next should be to establish a customer pull where only the product that is needed by the customers made available across the supply chain (www.mhlnews.com , 2011). Type of Wastage in the Case of Wal-Mart The company should avoid the wastage of inventory and defects in its operations. The company should not hold only goods that are not adding any value to the process. It should also make sure that the quality is not deficient in any manner as it would lead to wastage. Conclusion Sustainability in the supply chain will only add value to the company, a supply chain manager has to have a sustainable approach in managing its supply chain operations, it will result in the overall benefit to the company in terms of cost reduction, getting competitive edge over the competitors and moreover improving the picture of the company in terms of reducing the carbon footprints and the environmental damage. The company should adopt lean approach in its operations whether in logistics or in supply chain. Elimination of wastage would help the company in gaining competitive edge and would also improve its profitability and operations. References BSR,(2011) Maximizing Benefits From a Sustainable Supply Chain [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL:https://www.bsr.org/reports/BSR_Maximizing_Benefits_From_A_Sustainable_Supply_Chain.pdf Cetinkaya,B, et al. (2011) Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Practical Ideas for Moving Towards Best Practice. Germany: Springer Science Business Media Interieri, C. (2013). The 7 kinds of waste, and intro to KAIZEN. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: https://cerasis.com/2013/10/07/lean-environment/ Levinson,W. (2016). Lean Management System LMS: 2012: A Framework for Continual Lean Improvement. US: CRC Press. Supply Chain Logistics Association Canada, Green Supply Chain 2008 Survey (2008) Green Supply Chain Management [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: (https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/dsib-logi.nsf/vwapj/pg00032_eng.pdf/$file/pg00032_eng.pdf The Green Supply Chain Editorial Staff (2015) Green Supply Chain News: Walmart is on a Sustainability Mission [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL:https://www.scdigest.com/gsc/NEWS/15-04-30-1.php?cid=9251 www.fleetwatch.co.za/.( 2010) Green Vision Become Reality [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: https://www.fleetwatch.co.za/magazines/Jul2010/12-Green%20vision.htm www.mhlnews.com (2011). Cargills Green Shipping Idea: Go Fly a Kite. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL: https://mhlnews.com/global-supply-chain/cargill-s-green-shipping-idea-go-fly-kite www.skysails.info. (2016) Advantages. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL https://www.skysails.info/english/skysails-marine/skysails-propulsion-for-cargo-ships/advantages/ www.skysails.info. (2016) Powerful-Unlimited-free. [Online] Retrieved on 29th October 2016. Available at URL:https://www.skysails.info/english/skysails-marine/skysails-propulsion-for-cargo-ships/